The penalty shoot (more commonly known as penalty ) is a method of restarting the game in association football, where players are allowed to take aim at goal while only held by the opponent's goalkeeper. It is awarded when the offense is punished with a free kick directly made by the player in the penalty area itself. The shot was taken from the penalty mark, which was 12 meters (11 m) from the goal line and centered between the touch lines.
In practice, penalty kicks are converted into goals more often than not, even against the best and most experienced goalkeepers. This means that rewards of penalties are often decisive, especially in low score games.
A similar kick is made on penalties in some tournaments to determine which team wins after the game is drawn; this is governed by slightly different rules.
Video Penalty kick (association football)
Procedures
The ball is placed on the penalty mark, regardless of where in the penalty area there is a foul. The player who takes the kick must be identified to the referee. Only kicker and team goalkeepers are allowed to be inside the penalty area; all other players must be inside the playing field but outside the penalty area, behind the penalty mark, and a minimum of 10 meters (9.1 m) from the penalty spot (the penalty bow shows 10 meters from the penalty). The goalkeeper should stand at the goal line between the goalposts until the ball is kicked. Lateral movement is allowed, but the goalkeeper is not allowed out of the goal line by stepping or kicking forward until the ball is played. The referee's assistant is responsible for the goal line where a penalty shot is taken positioned at the intersection of the penalty area and goal line, and assists the referee in searching for the offense and/or whether the goal is printed.
When the referee is satisfied that the players are placed correctly, he will blow the whistle to indicate that the kick can kick. Kicker can do deceptive movements when running to the ball, but once the run-up is over, he may no longer do a trick and have to kick the ball. The ball must be silent before the kick, and should be kicked forward. The ball is being played after being kicked and moved, and at that point another player can enter the penalty area. Once kicked, the kicker may not touch the ball again until it is touched by another player from one of the teams or out of the game (including on goal).
Maps Penalty kick (association football)
Violation
In case of a legal violation of the game during a penalty kick, most often entering the penalty area illegally, the referee should consider whether the ball enters the goal, and which team is committing the offense.
The following violations by the kicking team resulted in an indirect free kick for the defensive team, regardless of the result of the kick:
- unidentified teammate kicked the ball instead (the player who took the kick was warned)
- kicker feints kicking the ball at the end of run-up (kicker is warned)
- not forward kick
- The kicker touches the ball a second time before touching another player (including a rebound from the goalpost or crossbar)
In case a player repeatedly breaks the law during a penalty kick, the referee can alert the player to continuous offense. Note that all all violations that occurred before the kick can be dealt with this way, regardless of the location of the violation.
If the ball touches the outside agent (ie, a foreign object in the game arena) as the ball moves forward from the kick, its shot will be retaken.
Tap on punishment
The penalty of two players, or a "tap" penalty, occurs when the kicker, instead of shooting for a goal, taps the ball slightly forward so the teammate can run over it and shoot. If executed correctly, it is a legal game because the kicker is not required to shoot for a goal and just needs to kick the ball forward. This strategy relies heavily on the element of surprise, because it first requires the goalkeeper to believe that the kicker will actually shoot, then dive or move to one side in response. This then requires the goalkeeper to stay out of position long enough for his team-mates to reach the ball before any defender, and for his teammate to place a shot into the undefended goal side.
The first recorded tape was taken by Jimmy McIlroy and Danny Blanchflower from Northern Ireland against Portugal on May 1, 1957. Another was taken by Rik Coppens and AndrÃÆ' Â © Piters in the World Cup v Belgium Belgium qualifying match on June 5, 1957. Arsenal player Thierry Henry and Robert PirÃÆ'¨s failed in a similar penalty attempt in 2005, during a Premier League match against Manchester City at Highbury. PirÃÆ'¨s runs in to take the kick, trying to forward to Henry who moves back and forth, but is mischievous and the ball is barely moving; as he touches the ball a bit, he can not touch it anymore, and City defender Sylvain Distin clears the ball before Henry can shoot.
Lionel Messi tapped a penalty for Luis SuÃÆ'¡rez as SuÃÆ'¡rez completed his hat-trick on 14 February 2016 against league opponent Celta de Vigo.
Saving tactics
"Reading" kicker
Defending a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks that goalkeepers can face. Because of the short distance between the penalty spot and the goal, there is little time to react to the shot. Therefore, the goalkeeper will usually start diving before the ball actually strikes. As a result, the goalkeeper must act on his best predictions about where the shot will be directed. Some goalkeepers decide which way they will dive in before, giving them a good chance to dive on time. Others try to read the kicker's motion pattern. On the other hand, kickers often pretend and prefer relatively slow shots in an attempt to thwart the goalkeeper. The most potent, high shot and central shot, i approach, in the room that the goalie will evacuate, also carries the highest risk of shooting over the bar.
When the shooter approaches the ball, the goalkeeper has only a fraction of a second to "read" the shooter's movement and decide where the ball will go. If their guess is correct, this can result in a saved penalty. Helmuth Duckadam, goalkeeper Steaua Bucure? Ti, saving a record four consecutive penalties in the 1986 European Cup Final against Barcelona. He swooped three times to the right and a fourth time to his left to save all the penalties taken, securing victory for his team.
Knowledge of kicker history
A goalkeeper may also rely on knowledge of past behavior of the shooter to inform his decision. This example will be done by former Dutch national team goalkeeper Hans van Breukelen, who always has a box of cards with all the information about an opponent's penalty specialist. Ecuadorian goalkeeper Marcelo Elizager saved a penalty from Carlos Tevez in a match between Ecuador and Argentina, revealing that he had learned some penalty kicks from TÃÆ' Â © vez and suspected he would shoot to the left-hand side of the goalkeeper. Two other examples occurred during the 2006 FIFA World Cup:
- Portugal national team goalkeeper Ricardo in a quarter-final tie against England, where he saved three penalties from four. The quarter-final match between Argentina and Germany also ended on penalties, and German goalkeeper Jens Lehmann was spotted looking at a piece of paper stored in his sock before every Argentine player would advance for a penalty. It is assumed that information about the "habits" of each kicker is written on this paper. Lehmann saved two of the four penalties taken and almost saved a third.
This approach may not always work; players may have deliberately switched from his favorite spot after watching the goalkeeper gain knowledge about his shot. Often, especially in amateur football, goalkeepers are often forced to guess. The game's theoretical research suggests that strikers and goalkeepers should scramble their strategy in a precise way to avoid opponents leveraging predictability.
Disorder
The goalkeeper may also try to distract the penalty taker, because his expectation is on the penalty taker to succeed, so more pressure on the punishment taker, making him more prone to error. For example, in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Chelsea, United goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar pointed to his left side as Nicolas Anelka stepped up to take a shot on penalties. This is because all Chelsea penalties go to the left. Anelka's shot instead went to Van der Sar's right, which was saved. Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar used a method of distracting players called "spaghetti legs" tricks to help his club beat Roma to win the 1984 European Cup. This tactic has been imitated in the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, also won by Liverpool, by goalkeeper Liverpool, Jerzy Dudek, who helped his team beat Milan.
The illegal method of saving a fine is for the goalkeeper to make quick and short leaps forward just before the penalty kicker connects with the ball. It not only closes the shooting angle, but also diverts the attention of the recipient of punishment. This method is used by Brazilian goalkeeper Claudio Taffarel. FIFA was less strict on the rules during that time. In more recent times, FIFA has advised all referees to strictly comply with the rule book.
Similarly, a goalkeeper can also try to postpone a penalty by clearing his boots, asking the referee to see if the ball is properly placed and other delay tactics. This method builds more pressure on the penalty taker, but the goalkeeper can risk penalties, most likely a yellow card.
A goalkeeper can also try to distract the taker by talking to them before a penalty is taken. Dutch national team goalkeeper Tim Krul used this technique during a penalty shootout in the 2014 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match against Costa Rica. As Costa Rican players prepare to take the kick, Krul tells them that he 'knows where they will be sentenced' 'to' get their heads'. This resulted in him saving two penalties and the Dutch won 4-3 on penalties.
Under the new IFAB rule change, if the penalty taker tries to fake or pretend the opposing goalkeeper in the act of taking their penalty, the taker will be punished with a yellow card, and will not be allowed to retake the kick.
Scoring statistics
Even if the goalkeeper managed to hold the shot, the ball could rebound back to the penalty taker or one of his teammates for another shot, with the keeper often in a bad position to make a second save. This makes penalty kicks save more difficult. This is not a problem in penalties, where only one shot is allowed.
These factors will give the impression that the penalty kicks are converted almost 100% of the time. The knock of missed penalties, however, was unusual: for example, of the 78 penalty shoots taken during the 2005-06 Premier League season, 57 resulted in a goal, so almost 30% of the penalty did not succeed.
A German professor who has studied penalty statistics in German Bundesliga Germany for 16 years found 76% of all penalties for 16 years, and 99% of shots in the middle of the higher goal went in, even though the higher half of the target was a more target difficult to target. During his career, Italian striker Roberto Baggio had two instances where his shot hit the top ruler, bounced down, turned from goalkeeper and crossed the goal line for one goal.
History
The origin of the penalty kick may lie in rugby football, as shown in the initial match report, for example in 1888: "Dewsbury awarded a penalty kick in front of goal." at FA Sheffield meeting in 1879. The discovery of a penalty kick was also credited to goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 at Milford, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.
The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally after much debate, the council approved the idea on June 2, 1891.
Influential factors were for the Scottish Football Association on December 20, 1890 in the Scottish Cup quarterfinals between East Stirlingshire and Heart of Midlothian when Jimmy Adams moved the ball out from under the bar. and for the FA on 14 February 1891 an outright goalball handball by Notts County players in the FA Cup quarterfinals against Stoke City, which came into force in the 1891-92 season. The world's first penalty kick awarded to Airdrieonians in 1891 at Broomfield Park. The first penalty kick in the Football League was awarded to Wolverhampton Wanderers in their match against Accrington at Molineux Stadium on September 14, 1891. The penalty was taken and printed by "Billy" Heath as Wolves went on to win the 5-0 game.
Note
External links
- Game Legal History - From 1863 to Today
- Penalty Shooting Game
- Irish 2014 Examiner article by Dr. R Hume
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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