Russian playing cards

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Russian playing cards are the cards used primarily in Russia and in the former Soviet Union. Unlike the internationally recognized 52 international standard card decks, most Russian card games use 36 cards (games like Durak) or 32 card decks (especially Preferans).

Video Russian playing cards

Histori

The playing cards were first introduced to Russia in the early 17th century from Western and Central Europe (supposedly from Germany and Poland). But they were immediately banned, Sobornoye Ulozheniye in 1649 called the card game as one of the "crime thieves" who were punished by caning, however, because Peter the Great bans were usually ignored. Despite many attempts by the Russian government to limit card games, many Russians, especially Russian nobles, played cards on a significant scale during the 18th century.

Before the 19th century practically all playing cards were imported from Western and Central Europe, and from 1765 all imported cards had to be stamped and high import duties had to be paid (which should limit the card game). However, in 1819 the restriction was lifted, but at the same time the import of playing cards was also banned and the state monopoly was created. The production of Russia's own playing cards started at the Imperial Card Factory from the Empire Paper Mill in Aleksandrovo (now part of Saint-Petersburg).

Maps Russian playing cards

Design

The deck design of Russian cards comes and is influenced by the German card deck as well as the French card deck. The Russian card in the market is divided into three or four categories, depending on the quality of paper and printing: from the cheapest deck to the layman via the middle-quality deck to the Russian middle class to the high-class deck to the imperial palace and the higher nobility. The middle category is covered by talcum powder, the cards are smooth and easily randomized, hence the term satin card (Russian: ??????????? ? ). In 1862 the famous Russian painter Adolf Charlemagne (Russian: ?????????????? ) created a new integrated design. Soon its design became the most widespread and recognizable and still widely produced and used in Russia. In addition, nearly fifty card designs were made by various Russian artists during the 18th-20th century.

"Russian style"

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries acknowledged the growing interest in the old pre-Petrine Russian tradition (see also Russian Renaissance architecture), this mode was even more intense because of the 300-year anniversary of Romanov's house in 1913. As a result, 1911 special card design in "Russian style" (Russian: span lang = "ru"> ??????????????? = "> span>) has been made. -costumes of face cards mimicking the 17th-century Russian costumes of the famous 1903 Ball at the Winter Palace.

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Dek

Due to the Russian influence the Russian standard deck contains only 36 cards from 6 to ace. For some games, especially Preferans, 6s is not used, resulting in a 32 card deck. Nevertheless, 52 deck cards can also occur.

Card design pip (numeric) and clothing (? , ? , ? , ? ) is similar to a French game card. The face card design is Adolf Charlemagne or in "Russian style". The ace design varies, historically the diamonds show the emblem of the Russian Empire. Face cards and As cards are marked with Russian letters corresponding to Russian ranking names:

• T (? , tuz from German: Daus "deuce" through Polish: < span lang = "pl"> tuz ) for Ace
• ? ( ?????? , korol ', "king") for King
• ? ( ???? , dama from German: Dame ) for the Queen
• ? ( , valet from French: valet ) for Jack

The names for pip cards come from Russian numbers: > ????????, ???????, ?????? ???, ???????, ??????? ( shestyorka, semyorka, vos'myorka, devyatka, desyatka ) for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 respectively.

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In Russian culture

The popularity of card games in Russia is described by some famous Russian writers, especially Alexandre Pushkin who wrote The Queen of Spades.

Since 6 is the lowest card of the Russian deck, Russian uses the derogatory word shestyorka meaning "subordinate, messenger".

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References

• (in Russian) ???????????? ? ? (2003). "??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? XIX ??. " ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? . pp.Ã, 88-106.
• (in Russian) ?????????? ? ? "???????????????????????????????????????????????" Ã,
• (in Russian) ?????????? ? ? (2013). ??????? ????????? ?????: ??????? ? ?????. ???????? - ?????????? ????? . ISBN: 978-5-9904149-1-4.

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External links

• Play a card from Russia. Game Cards World .

Source of the article : Wikipedia