Victoria Mary Sackville-West, Lady Nicolson , CH (March 9, 1892 - June 2, 1962), commonly known as Vita Sackville-West , is a poet, novelist, and English designer park.
He is a successful novelist, poet, and journalist, as well as a prolific writer and author. He published over a dozen collections of poems during his lifetime and 13 novels. He was twice awarded the Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature: in 1927 for his priestly epics, The Land , and in 1933 for him Collected Poems . He is the inspiration for the androgyny protagonist of Orlando: A Biography , by his famous friend and lover, Virginia Woolf.
He has an old column in The Observer (1946-1961) and is remembered for the celebrated garden in Sissinghurst made with her husband, Sir Harold Nicolson.
Video Vita Sackville-West
Biography
Antecedents
Knole, Vita's aristocratic ancestral home in Kent, was given to Thomas Sackville by Queen Elizabeth I in the sixteenth century. Vita was born there, the only cousin of Victoria Sackville-West and Lionel Edward Sackville-West, 3rd Baron Sackville. Mrs. Vita, raised in a Parisian monastery, is the illegitimate daughter of Lionel Sackville-West, 2 Baron Sackville and Spanish dancer Josefa de Oliva (nÃÆ' Â © e DurÃÆ'¡n y Ortega), known as Pepita. Pepita's mother is an acrobat who marries a barber.
Although the marriage of the Vita parents was initially happy, shortly after the birth of the child, the couple drifted away and Lionel took the opera singer for a concubine and he came to live with them at Knole.
Christened Victoria Mary Sackville-West, the girl known as "Vita" all her life to distinguish her from her mother, also called Victoria. Normally the British aristocratic inheritance habit was followed by the Sackville-West family, preventing Vita from inheriting Knole on the death of his father, the source of lifetime bitterness for Vita. The house follows the title, and is inherited by his father to his niece Charles, who became the 4th Baron.
Early life
Vita was initially educated at home by the teacher and later attended Helen Wolff's school for girls, an exclusive day school in Mayfair, where she met first love Violet Keppel and Rosamund Grosvenor. He does not make friends with local children and it is difficult to make friends in school. His biographers characterized his childhood as a time filled with loneliness and isolation. He wrote productively in Knole, writing eight long (unpublished) novels between 1906-1910, ballads, and many dramas, some in France. Lack of formal education caused embarrassment later with his friends, like the one in the Bloomsbury Group. She felt herself lethargic and she was never in the intellectual heart of her social group.
The Vita bloodline that seems to be Rome introduces a desire for a 'gypsy' way, a culture he considers to be hot-blooded, led by the heart, dark and romantic. It informs the stormy nature of Vita's many affairs later and is a powerful theme in his writing. He visits the Rome camp and feels himself with them.
Mrs. Vita has a wide range of famous lovers, including the financiers of JP Morgan and Sir John Murray Scott (from 1897-1912, until her death). Scott, the secretary for the couple who inherited and developed the Wallace Collection, was a loyal companion and Lady Sackville and he rarely parted company during their years together. During his childhood, Vita spent much of his time in Scott's apartment in Paris, perfecting his eloquent French.
First love
Vita debuted in 1910, shortly after the death of King Edward VII. He was persuaded by Orazio Pucci, the son of a distinguished Florentine family, by Lord Granby and Lord Lascelles, among others. In 1914 he had an affair with historian Geoffrey Scott. Scott's marriage collapsed shortly thereafter, as is often the downfall with Vita's affairs, all with women after this point.
Vita fell in love with Rosamund Grosvenor (1888-1944), who is four years older than him. In his journal, Vita wrote, "Oh, I dare say I realize vaguely that I have no business to sleep with Rosamund, and I certainly will never allow anyone to find it," but he does not see any real conflict. Lady Sackville, Vita's mother, invited Rosamund to visit family in their villa in Monte Carlo (1910). Rosamund also lives with Vita in Knole House, at Murray Scott's pied-ÃÆ' -terre on Rue Laffitte in Paris, and at Sluie, Scott's Scott shoot in the Scottish Highlands near Banchory. Their secret relationship ended in 1913 when Vita got married.
Vita engages more deeply with Violet Keppel, daughter of Hon. George Keppel and his wife, Alice Keppel. Sexual intercourse begins when they are both in their teens and greatly affects them for years. The two then married and became writers.
Harold
Sackville-West was approached for 18 months by a young diplomat Harold Nicolson, whom he discovered as a secret character. He writes that seducing is entirely pure and their whole is not so much like a kiss. In 1913, at the age of 21, Vita married her in a private chapel at Knole. Vita's parents oppose the marriage on the grounds that "without money", Nicolson has an annual income of just Ã, Â £ 250. He is the third secretary at the British Embassy in Constantinople and his father has been made only under Queen Victoria. One of the Sackville-West suitors, Lord Granby, has an annual income of £ 100,000, owns a vast land and is the heir of the old title, Duchy of Rutland.
The couple had an open marriage. Both Sackville-West and her husband have same-sex relationships before and during their marriage, as did several groups of writers and artists Bloomsbury, with whom they have connections. Sackville-West sees himself as psychologically divided into two: one side of his personality more feminine, gentle, obedient and attracted to men while the other side is more masculine, hard, aggressive and attracted to women.
Following his father's career pattern, Harold Nicholson was on various occasions, a diplomat, journalist, broadcaster, Member of Parliament, and a biographer and novelist. After the wedding, the couple lived in Cihangir, a suburb of Constantinople (now Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Sackville-West loves Constantinople, but the duties of a diplomatic wife do not appeal to him. It was only during this time that he tried not to, with a good grace, part of "the righteous and worshiping wife of a brilliant young diplomat", as he had sarcastically written. When she became pregnant, in the summer of 1914, the couple returned to England to ensure that she could give birth in a British hospital.
The family lived in 182 Ebury Street, Belgravia and bought Long Barn in Kent as a country house (1915 - 1930). They hired architect Edwin Lutyens to make improvements to the house. The British war declaration in the Ottoman Empire in November 1914, following the Ottoman sea invasion of Russia, prevented its return to Constantinople.
The couple had two children: Nigel (1917-2004), who became a famous editor, politician, and writer, and Benedict (1914-1978), an art historian. The other son was born in 1915. His biographer writes:
Harold has a series of relationships with men who are equivalent to his intellect, but the physical element in them is very secondary. She has never been a passionate lover. For him sex is as incidental, and almost as fun, as a quick visit to the gallery-the picture among the trains.
Violet
Sackville-West continues to receive letters devoted to his lover, Violet Keppel. He was very sad to read Keppel engagement. The answer was to go to Paris to meet Keppel and persuade him to honor their commitments. Keppel, depressed and suicidal, eventually married her fiancé Major Trefusis, under pressure from her mother, though Keppel confirms that she does not love her husband. Sackville-West called the marriage its biggest failure.
Sackville-West and Keppel disappeared together several times since 1918, mostly to France. One day in 1918 Vita wrote that she had a radical 'liberation', in which her male aspect was unexpectedly released. He wrote: "I went to a wild spirit, I ran, I shouted, I jumped, I climbed, I wandered over the gate, I felt like a schoolboy going on vacation... irresponsible wild days".
Mothers of both women join to sabotage relationships and force their daughters back to their husbands. But they did not work. Vita often dressed as a man, styled as Keppel's husband. The two women made a bond to remain faithful to each other, promising that they would not have sex with their husbands.
Keppel kept chasing her lover up until the affair of Sackville-West with another woman finally took over. In November 1919, while living in Monte Carlo, Sackville-West wrote that he felt very low, thinking of suicide, believing that Nicolson would be better off without him. In 1920 the lovers went again to France together and their husbands chased them in a small two-seat plane. Sackville-West hears allegations that Keppel and her husband Trefusis have been sexually involved, and he severed the relationship because the lesbian loyalty pledge was broken. Despite the rift, the two women remained loyal to each other.
Persian
From 1925 to 1927, Nicolson lived in Tehran where Sackville-West often visited him. The Sackville-West Book A Passenger to Tehran tells the time there. The couple was involved in coronation planning Rez? Khan and the six-year-old Crown Prince Mohammad Reza well. He also visited and wrote about the former capital of Isfahan to see the palace of Safavid.
Virginia Woolf
His relationship with the leading writer Virginia Woolf began in 1925 and ended in 1935, peaking between 1925-28. American scientist Louise DeSalvo writes that the ten years between 1925-35 is the artistic peak of the careers of both women as they both have a positive influence on each other: "never write so much, and will never again achieve this peak of achievement".
In December 1922, Sackville-West first met Virginia Woolf at a dinner party in London. Although Sackville-West is from a much richer aristocratic family than the Woolf middle-class background, women are bound to their limited childhood and emotionally absent parents. Woolf knows about Sackville-West relations with Keppel and is impressed by the free spirit while playing.
Sackville-West greatly admired the writings of Woolf, considered him a better writer, told Woolf in one letter: "I compare my illiterate writing to your scientific writing, and I am ashamed". Although Woolf was jealous of Sackville-West's ability to write quickly, he tended to believe that too much volume was made in haste: "Vita's prose is too good".
Both grow close and Woolf reveals how, as a child, he has been tortured by his stepbrother. It was mostly due to Sackville-West's support that Woolf began healing the damage, allowing him for the first time to have a satisfying erotic relationship. Woolf bought a mirror during a trip to France with his girlfriend, saying he felt he could see into the mirror for the first time in his life. Sackville-West counseled him to be more confident in his many powers and to remove his self-image from half-ailing people. He persuaded Woolf that his anxiety illness had been misdiagnosed, and that he should focus on his diverse intellectual projects; that he should learn to rest.
To help Woolfs, Sackville-West chose their Hogarth Press to become the publisher. The teaser in Ecuador, the first Sackville-West novel published by Hogarth, did not sell, sold only 1500 copies in his first year, but the next, The Edwardian, was a huge hit. 30000 copies in the first six months. The impulse helped Hogarth financially, although Woolf did not always appreciate romantic theme books. Improving the security of luck Press allows Woolf to write more experimental novels such as The Waves Although Woolf is generally considered today to be a better writer, in the 1920s Sackville-West was viewed by critics as a writer more successful and his books surpass Woolf with a large margin.
Sackville-West loves to travel, often going to France, Spain and visiting Nicolson in Persia, and this trip is emotionally draining Woolf, who missed Sackville-West. Novel Woolf To the Lighthouse with the theme of his yearning for someone who was not inspired in part by the frequent absence of Sackville-West. Woolf was inspired by Sackville-West to write one of his most famous novels, Orlando , featuring a protagonist who changed sex over the centuries. This work is described by the son of Sackville-West, Nigel Nicolson as "the longest and most endearing love letter in literature."
However, there is tension in that relationship. Woolf is often distracted by what he sees as Sackville-West's promiscuity, alleging that the great need for sex makes him associate with anyone who loves his beauty. In Space Of One's Own (1929), Woolf attacks the patriarchal legacy law, which is intended to be an implicit critique of Sackville-West, who never questioned the prominent social and political position of the aristocracy he belongs to. He feels that Sackville-West can not criticize the system that he is part of and, to some extent, a victim of. In the 1930s they were at loggerheads over Nicolson's "unfortunate" involvement with Oswald Mosley and the New Party (later renamed the British Union of Fascists) and they were at loggerheads over the looming war. Sackville-West supported the arsenal while Wolf remained loyal to pacifism, leading to the end of their relationship in 1935.
Other lovers
One of Vita's male applicants, Henry Lascelles, will marry Princess Royal and become the 6th Earl of Harewood.
In 1927, Sackville-West had an affair with Mary Garman, a member of the Bloomsbury Group and between 1929 and 1931 with Hilda Matheson, head of the BBC's Department of Talk. In 1931, Sackville-West was in a mage with a journalist Evelyn Irons and Irons's lover, Olive Rinder. Irons has interviewed Vita after his novel The Edwardian has become a best-seller.
Maps Vita Sackville-West
Sissinghurst
In 1930, the family was acquired and moved to Sissinghurst Castle, near Cranbrook, Kent. It was once owned by Vita's ancestors. This gave him a dynastic appeal because his father had released him from Knole and titles. Sissinghurst is the ruins of Elizabeth and the creation of gardens will be a collaboration of love that will last for decades, the first years that require clearing of debris from the ground. Nicolson provides an architectural structure, with strong classical lines, that will frame his innovative wife's informal planting scheme. He created a new and experimental enclosure or room system, such as the White Garden, Rose Garden, Gardens, Botanical Gardens, and Nutrition. He also innovates single color themed parks and design principles that orientate the visitor's experience for discovery and exploration. His first garden at Long Barn (Kent, 1915-1930) was an experimental, experimental place with trial and error and he brought his ideas and projects to Sissinghurst, making use of his hard-won experiences. Sissinghurst was first opened to the public in 1938.
Sackville-West started writing again in 1930 after a six-year break because he needed money to pay Sissinghurst. Nicolson, after leaving the Foreign Office, no longer has a diplomat's salary to use. He also had to pay tuition fees for his two sons to attend Eton College. He feels he has become a better writer thanks to the guidance of Woolf. In 1947 he began the weekly column at The Observer called "In Your Garden", even though he was not a trained horticulture expert or designer. He continued a very popular column up to a year before his death, and writing helped make Sissinghust one of the most famous and most visited parks in England.
Sackville-West felt a deep sense of loss in signing documents in 1947 unleashing any claim on Sissinghurst, as part of a switch to the National Trust. He wrote about the signing that "almost broke my heart, put my signature on what I consider to be a betrayal of all the traditions of my ancestors and the house I love." He continued to live there until his death. In 1948 he became a founding member of the National Trust garden committee. The page is now managed by the National Trust. He was awarded the Veitch Medal from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Write
Wedding portrait
In the early 1920s, Sackville-West wrote memoirs about his relationship. In it he tried to explain why he chose to live with Nicolson and why he fell in love with Violet Keppel. The work, entitled Portrait of a Marriage , was not published until 1973. In that book he uses a metaphor from nature to present his story as being honest and honest, describing his life as "swamp" and "swamp," indicating that his private life is naturally unattractive and unpleasant. Sackville-West states that he wants to explain his sexuality, which he serves as the essence of his personality. He writes that in the future "it will be admitted that more people of my kind do exist than under the current generally accepted system of hypocrisy".
Reflecting a certain ambivalence about his sexuality, Sackville-West presents his sexual passion for Keppel as both "distorted" and "natural", as if he himself is not sure whether his sexuality is normal or not, even though American scholar Georgia Johnston argues that Sackville-West confusion at the point this is because his wish to memoir is published one day. In this case, Sackville-West writes of his passion and love for Keppel while at the same time expressing his "shame" about "this duality by which I am too weak and too indulgent to struggle." On various occasions, Sackville-West calls itself "pariah" with "misguided" and "unnatural" feelings for Keppel, who are portrayed as seductive, if degrading, objects of desire. Sackville-West is calling for "a spirit of openness" in a society that allows tolerance of gay and bisexual people. Much influenced by theories promoted by sexologists such as Magnus Hirschfeld, Edward Carpenter, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Havelock Ellis and Sigmund Freud, Sackville-West sometimes writes about his sexuality as abnormal and wrong and because of some of the psychological defects he is born with, describes heterosexuality as the norm he wants, but fails to live up to.
Several times, Sackville-West stated that he wrote Portrait of a Marriage for scientific purposes so that people would be able to understand bisexual people, thereby allowing him, even if he cursed himself, to present his sexuality. as in some ways normal. Some Sackville-West sexologists cited, notably Carpenter and Ellis, have stated that homosexuality and bisexuality are in fact normal, and although he cursed himself, his use of the "scientific" approach is supported by quotes from Ellis and Carpenter allowing him to present his biscuituals implicitly normal. Writing in a third person, Sackville-West states "he regrets that the person Harold marries is not entirely and completely what he thinks of him, and that the person who loves and owns Violet is not the second person, because each one matches each other." Sackville-West presents her sexuality as part of the personality she bore, describing herself as a cursed woman who should be the object of sympathy, not condemnation.
In 1973, when his son Nigel Nicolson published Portrait of a Marriage, he was not sure if he would be accused of obscenity, striving to emphasize the validity of love for someone of the same kind in his introduction. Despite describing himself as "distorted" because of his feelings for women, Sackville-West also wrote in the Portrait of a Marriage on his invention and acceptance of his bisexuality as a teenager as "my semi-personal liberation," indicating that he does not actually saw himself as a woman with "distorted" sexuality, because this statement contradicts what he had written at the beginning of his book on "heretical" sexuality. Johnson writes that Sackville-West, in presenting his lesbian side in terms of portraying Keppel as evil and Nicolson as well as possible, was the only possible way at the time to express his side of personality, writing "even if gutted himself looks like just by the way he can present an acceptable type of self. "
The memoir was dramatized by the BBC (and PBS in North America) in 1990, starring Janet McTeer as Vita, and Cathryn Harrison as Violet. This series won four BAFTA.
Challenges
The Novel Sackville-West Challenge (1923) also witnessed his affair with Keppel: Sackville-West and Keppel have begun writing this book as a collaborative effort. It was published in America but banned in England until 1974.
The male character's name, Julian, is a Sackville-West nickname when it passes as a man. Challenges (first titled Rebellion , then Charm , then Pride and at some point Foam ), is a rom ÃÆ' clef with Julian's character as a male version of Sackville-West and Eve, the woman he most desperately wants is Keppel. In particular, Sackville-West in the Challenge defended Keppel against some of the humiliations Nicolson applied to him in his letters to him; for example, Nicolson often calls Keppel "pig" and "pig", and in that book, Julian says that Eve is not a pig or a pig. In the book, Julian says that "Eve is not a 'little pig'; she has only feminine weakness and mistakes brought to level 9, but also redeemed by self-sacrificing, very feminine."
Reflecting his obsession with Romans, Eve is portrayed as a seductive Roman woman with a "feminine quip" that Julian could not refuse, calling him away from his political mission to win independence on a fictitious Greek island during the Greek war of independence. Nicolson writes in a letter to his wife: "Do not please dedicate to Violet, it will kill me if you do". When the Challenge was published in 1924, the dedication was written in Romany's reading: "This book belongs to you, an honorable wizard.If you read it, you will find your tormented soul changed and free". Throughout their relationship, Keppel was threatened with suicide if Sackville-West left him, a character owned by Eve, who eventually attempted to drown himself in the sea while Julian tried to save him. When Eve changed her mind about taking her life and trying to swim ashore as Julian swam toward him, it was too late and she was swept away by the current to drown. The end of the book reflects Sackville-West's mistake about severing its relationship with Keppel.
His mother, Lady Sackville, finds a clear enough description to refuse to allow the publication of a novel in England; but Vita's son Nigel Nicolson praised his mother: "He fights for the right to love, men and women, rejects the convention that marriage demands exclusive love, and that women should love only men, and men only women. How could he regret that his knowledge now must reach the ears of a new generation, much more compassionate than he himself? "
Sackville-West is fascinated and often writes about the Romans. As the English scholar Kirstie Blair said to her: "Gypsies represent freedom, joy, danger, and expression of free sexuality". In particular, Roman women, especially Romany Spanish women, serve as a symbol for lesbianism in his writings. Like many other female writers in this period, for Sackville-West, Romany represented a familiar and strange social element; people who are regarded and admired as flamboyant romans while at the same time being seen and hated as sly and dishonest people; people without roots that are nowhere to be found everywhere in Europe, serve as a symbol for some unusual femininity. The image held by Sackville-West of Romany is strongly influenced by "Orientalism", since Romany is believed to have originated from India. The notion of the absent people, who are outside the values ​​of "civilization," has a genuine appeal to him when he offers the possibility of a different gender role than the one in the West. Sackville-West is English, but he finds Romany's ancestor to himself on the Spanish side of his family, explaining his bohemian behavior because of his alleged "Gypsy" descendants.
Orlando
Woolf was inspired by Sackville-West to write his most famous novel, Orlando (1928), featuring a protagonist who changed sex over the centuries. Reflecting Sackville-West's interest in Romany, when Orlando went to sleep as a man and mysteriously wakes up as a woman in Constantinople (implied perhaps the result of a spell cast by Romany witches he married), at a Romany camp in the Balkans that the first Orlando was welcomed and accepted as a woman, since Romany in the novel did not distinguish between the two sexes. Finally Woolf quipped the Romany Sackville-West charms, like Orlando, an English nobleman, preferring not to live in poverty as part of Romany caravans traveling the Balkans, for the call of sedentary life of the aristocracy in a country house in England proved too strong for him, as in real life Sackville-West fantasizes about living the nomadic life of a Romani, but in reality prefers life settled in the English countryside. Orlando, a fantasy in which the character of Orlando (standing for Sackville-West) inherits an estate unlike Knole (which Sackville-West will inherit as the eldest if he has become a man) ironically marks the beginning of the tension between the two women. Sackville-West often complains in his letters that Woolf is more interested in writing fantasies about him than to restore his affection in the real world.
Family History
Novel Sackville-West in 1932 Family History was his first novel that explicitly raised the subject of lesbianism, albeit in a sloping form. Evelyn Jerrold's character has more of a family love feeling for his nephew, Ruth. Jerrold, embarrassed by his feelings for Ruth, tries to root them out by getting married. She accidentally destroyed her husband by demanding more and more from her. She can not force herself to confess her love to Ruth or see that her husband will never be a substitute.
The characters Viola and Leonard Anquetil in Family History are socialist, pacifist and feminist, veiled versions of Virginia and Leonard Woolf. At Orlando , Woolf allows Vita to finally "own" Knole, and in Family History, Vita returns the movement, because Anquetils has a child who turns smart and deserves people. Woolf never had children and was afraid that he would be a bad mother. In casting his fictional alter-ego as a very good mother he offers a "gift" to Woolf.
Jobs and other achievements
Most successful novels soon (except The Island of Darkness, Grand Canyon and La Grande Mademoiselle ). All Passion Spent (1931) and Seducers in Ecuador (1924) sold very well. Somewhat Ironically
The Edwardian (1930) and All Passion Spent are probably his most famous novels today. In the latter, the old woman, Slane, boldly embraces the long-pressed and beautiful sense of freedom after following a lifelong convention. The novel was dramatized by the BBC in 1986, starring Dame Wendy Hiller. All Spent Passion seems to reflect Woolf's influence. Lady Slane's character began to really live only after the death of her husband, a former prime minister. He befriends his servants of the land, finds the lives of the people he previously ignored. At the end of the novel, Lady Slane persuaded her grandson to cancel her matchmaking to pursue her career as a musician.
Grand Canyon (1942) is a science fiction "warning story" (as he called it) about the Nazi invasion of the United States that was not ready. This book takes an unexpected twist, however, making it more than just a regular invasion thread.
The poem remains Sackville-West's most unknown. It includes epic and translation volumes such as Rilke Duino Elegies . The epic poem The Land (1926) and The Garden (1946) reflects a lasting desire for the earth and the family tradition. The Land may have been written in response to the main work of Modernist poetry The Waste Land (also published by Hogarth Press). He devotes his poetry to his lover, Dorothy Wellesley. Sackville-West recording readings released by Columbia Records. His poetry won the Hawthornden Prize in 1927. He won it again in 1933 with Collected Poems, becoming the only author to do so twice. The Garden won the Heinemann Award for literature.
Epic poem Solitude , published by Hogarth Press in October 1938 contains references to the Bible, Paracelsus, Ixion, Catullus, Andromeda, Iliad and Sabine brides, all of which are quite acceptable to beginning of the 20th century, but seen as anachronistic in 1938. The Narrator Solitude has a passionate love in the English countryside. Although the sex of the narrator is left unclear, implied at various points to be male or female, it is clear that the narrator loves a woman who is no longer present and who is sorely missed. At one point, the narrator's horror and disgust at Ixion, a brutal rapist, implies that she is a woman. At another point in the poem, his desire to free Andromeda from the chain and to make love shows that he is a lesbian. The narrator compares the love of nature with the love of the book, as both develop their minds. He considers himself superior to peasants who only work on the ground with no time or interest for poetry, all of which allow him to have a deeper appreciation of nature.
He is not known as a biographer. The most famous of his works are the biography of Saint Joan of Arc in his work of the same name. In addition, he composed the double biography of Saint Teresa from ÃÆ' villa and ThÃÆ'Â © rèse from Lisieux titled The Eagle and the Dove, the author biography of Aphra Behn, and her mother-in-law biography, Spanish dancer known as Pepita .
Despite a shy woman, Sackville-West often forced itself to participate in literary readings before the book club and at the BBC to feel a sense of belonging. His passion for classical traditions in literature made him unpopular by modernist critics and in the 1940s, he was often regarded as a famous writer, which disappointed him. In 1947, Sackville-West became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and Companion of Honor.
Death and inheritance
Vita Sackville-West died in Sissinghurst in June 1962, aged 70 years, from stomach cancer. He was cremated and his ashes buried in the family basement inside the church in Withyham, eastern Sussex.
Sissinghurst Castle is owned by the National Trust. His son, Nigel Nicolson, lived there after his death, and after his death in 2004, his own son Adam Nicolson, Baron Carnock, lived there with his family. Together with his wife, horticulture expert Sarah Raven, they are committed to restoring mixed farmland and growing food on the property for residents and visitors, a function that has withered under the auspices of the Trust.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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