A computer poker player is a computer program designed to play poker games against human enemies or other computer opponents. Usually referred to as pokerbot or just a bot.
Video Computer poker player
Di Internet
Bots or computer programs are often used in online poker situations as legitimate opponents for human players or forms of cheating. Whether or not bot use is cheating is usually determined by the poker room that hosts the actual poker game. Most (if not all) card rooms prohibit the use of bots even though enforcement rates from site operators vary greatly.
Player bot
The subject of player bots and computer aids, while playing online poker, is highly controversial. Player opinions vary considerably when deciding which type of computer software is included in the unfair profit category. One of the main factors in defining a bot is whether or not a computer program can interact with a poker client (in other words, play by itself) without the help of its human operator. Computer programs with these capabilities are said to have or become autoplayer and universally defined to be in the bot category regardless of how well they play poker.
The problem of unfair advantage has much to do with what kind of information and artificial intelligence is available for computer programs. In addition, the bots can play for hours without human weakness such as fatigue and can withstand the natural variations of the game without being affected by human emotions (or "tilt"). On the other hand, bots have some significant disadvantages - for example, it is very difficult for a bot to accurately read a bluff or adjust to an opponent's strategy in a way that humans can.
House enforcement
Although the terms and conditions of poker sites generally prohibit the use of bots, the enforcement rate depends on the site operator. Some will seek and ban bot users through the utilization of various software. The poker client can be programmed to detect bots even though this is controversial in itself as it may be seen as similar to implanting spyware in the client software. Another method is to use CAPTCHA at random intervals during play.
House bots
The subject of the home bot is even more controversial because of the conflict of interest it generates. With the strictest definition, home bots are automatic players operated by online poker space itself, although some will define more indirect examples (eg, players who operate bots with operator knowledge and approval) as "home bots" as well. This type of bot is equivalent to brick and mortar.
In a brick and mortar casino, the home player does not subvert the fairness of the game that is offered as long as the house is honest. In the online settings, the same is true. By definition, an honest online poker room that chooses to operate a home bot will guarantee that the home bot has no access to any information that is also unavailable to other players in hand (the same will apply to any traps human too). The problem is that in home online settings have no way to prove bot they do not receive sensitive information from the card server. This is further exacerbated by the ease of sharing confidential information can be done in a digital environment. Basically it is impossible even for a home to prove that they are not controlling some players - perhaps the only real way that can be done is to disclose the confidential personal information of every player and which obviously can not be done due to privacy considerations.
Maps Computer poker player
Artificial Intelligence
Poker is a game of imperfect information (because some cards in the game are hidden) making it difficult for anyone (including computers) to conclude the final result of the hand. Because of this lack of information, computer programmers must apply systems based on the Bayes theorem, Nash equilibrium, Monte Carlo simulations or neural networks, all imperfect techniques.
AIs like PokerSnowie and Claudico have been created by allowing the computer to determine the best strategy by letting it play a large number of times. This seems to be the current approach to AI poker, as opposed to trying to make a computer that plays like a human. This results in a strange bet size and a strategy that is much different from what humans usually see.
Methods are being developed to at least approach a perfect poker strategy from a game theory perspective in a head-to game (two players), and an improved system is being created for multi-player games. Perfect strategy has many meanings in this context. From an optimum game-theoretical point of view, a perfect strategy is a strategy that can not be outdone by other player strategies; However, the optimal strategy may vary in the presence of sub-optimal players who have exploitable weaknesses. In this case, a perfect strategy is a strategy that correctly or thoroughly modeled those weaknesses and uses them to generate profits, as described above.
Research group
Computer Research Group Poker (University of Alberta, Canada)
A large amount of research into computer poker players is being conducted at the University of Alberta by the Poker Computer Research Group, led by Dr. Michael Bowling. The group developed agents Poki , Psychos , Hiperborean and Polaris. Poki has been licensed for the STACKED entertainment game featuring Canadian poker player Daniel Negreanu. PsOpti is available under the name "SparBot" in "Poker Academy" poker training program. A series of Hyperborean programs have competed in the Annual Computer Poker Competition, which last took three gold medals from six events in the 2012 competition. The same line of research also produced Polaris, who played against human professionals in 2007 and 2008, and became the first computer poker program to win a meaningful poker competition.
In January 2015, an article in Science by Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Michael Johanson, and Oskari Tammelin claimed that their Cepheus poker bot "basically weakly resolved" game head-up Texas boundaries kept on ' em.
School of Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University
T. Sandholm and A. Gilpin from Carnegie Mellon University have started AI poker research in 2004 starting with an unbeatable agent for a 3-card game called Rhode-Island Hold 'em. The next step is GS1 which outperforms the best available commercial poker bot. Since 2006 poker agents from this group have participated in annual computer competitions. "At some point we will have better programs than the best human players" - claims Sandholm. His bot, Claudico, is faced with four human opponents by 2015. By 2017, the latest software program, Libratus, is faced with four professional poker players. At the end of the experiment, four human players have lost a combined $ 1.8 million.
Auckland University Game Group AI
A team from the University of Auckland is made up of a small number of scientists who use letter-based reasoning to create and improve Texas Hold'em poker agents. The group applies different AI techniques to a number of games including participation in commercial projects Small Worlds and Civilization (video games).
Neo Poker Laboratory
Neo Poker Lab is an established science team that focuses on poker artificial intelligence research. Over the years he has developed and implemented state-of-the-art algorithms and procedures such as minimization regrets and gradient search equilibrium approaches, decision trees, recursive search methods and expert algorithms to solve various problems related to poker games.
Historical contest
ICCM 2004 PokerBot competition
One of the earliest unlimited poker bot competitions was held in 2004 by the International Conference on Cognitive Modeling. The tournament hosts five bots from universities from around the world. The winner is Ace Gruber, from the University of Toronto.
ACM Competition
ACM has organized competitions where competitors are sending software that can actually play poker on their particular platform. Event hosts operate everything and do contests and report results. (citations and references and links are required).
World Poker Robot Series 2005
In the summer of 2005, Golden Palace's online poker room held a promotional tournament in Las Vegas, in the old Binions, with a $ 100k prize. It was billed as the World Series of Poker Robots 2005. The tournament was just no entry fee. Bot developers are computer scientists from six countries traveling at their own expense. The hosted platform is the Poker Academy. The show also features a head demonstration show with Phil Laak.
University of Alberta Machine V Machine Experiments
In the summer of 2007, the University of Alberta held a highly specialized headup tournament between humans and their Polaris bots, at the AAAI conference in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The host platform is written by the University of Alberta. There is a $ 50k maximum prize wallet with special rules to motivate people to play well. Humans do not pay entrance fees. The unique tournament features four sessions of duplicate styles of 500 hands each. Man is won by a narrow margin.
In the summer of 2008, the University of Alberta and the Stoxpoker poker training website run the second tournament during the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas. The tournament has six duplicate sessions of 500 hands each, and the human player is a Heads-Up Limit specialist. Polaris won the tournament with 3 wins, 2 defeats and a draw. Tournament results, including hand history of the match, are available on the competition site.
2015 Brains vs AI Competition by Rivers Casino, CMU and Microsoft
Starting April-May 2015, Carnegie Mellon University's latest bot Sandholm, Claudico, faces four human opponents, in an unlimited series of Texas Hold'em matches. Finally, after playing 80,000 hands, the human rose with a combined total of $ 732,713. But even though humans technically win, scientists consider victory as a statistically insignificant (more precisely, statistical tie) then $ 732,713 compared to a total bet amount of $ 170 million ($ 170 million). However, some people have established this claim as dishonest. Not statistically significant here means that Claudico programmers can not say with 95% confidence (95% confidence interval) that human beings are better than computer programs. However, this is a statistically significant win at a 90% confidence interval. This means that human players are between 10 to 1 and 20 to 1 favorites.
The way the tournament is organized into two sets each of two players. In each of the two sets, the players get the opposite card. Means if the computer has As9c (Ace of Spades & Nine from the Club) and man has Jh8d on one computer, the other of the two players on the set will have As9c against Jh8d computer. However, even with human players winning over computers - not all players are positive in head to head match ups.
The total for each player is as follows:
- Douglas Polk: $ 213,671
- Dong Kim: $ 70,491
- Bjorn Li: $ 529,033
- Jason Les: - $ 80,482
Annual Computer Poker Competition
Since 2006, the Annual Computer Poker Competition has run a series of competitions for the poker program. In 2011, three types of poker were played: Heads-Up Limit Texas Hold'em, Texas Hold'em No-Limit Head-Up, and 3-player Limit Texas Hold'em. In each event, two winners are named: the agent that wins the most games, and the agent that wins the most money. These winners are often not the same agents, because one evaluation rewards the powerful players, and other award-winning players who are good at exploiting the mistakes of other agents. Competitions are motivated by scientific research, and there is an emphasis on ensuring that all results are statistically significant by running millions of poker hands. The 2012 competition has the same format with over 70 million hands played to eliminate the luck factor.
Some researchers develop web applications where people can play and assess AI quality. So in December 2012, the following top groups and individual researcher agencies can be found:
- Hyperborean (9 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze)
- Bluffbot (1 gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze medals)
- Sartre (1 gold, 5 silver, and 3 bronze medals)
- Neo Poker Bot (1 gold, 5 bronze medals)
Results
See also
- Polaris (bot poker)
- Cepheus (bot poker)
References
External links
- Competition of Annual Poker Computers
- Programming AI Poker Articles by AI programmers for the World Series of Poker Game
- Caroline Hsu. "Can" pokerbots "hit people?". USnews.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2009.
- Articles MSNBC - 2004-Sep
- Science News: The Ultimate Poker Face
- NYTimes.com: Poker Bots Invade Online Gambling
- CMU offers a win for Texas Hold 'em Article on AI poker research group Carnegie Mellon University
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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