Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman , May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, writer and painter who has become an influential figure in music and popular culture for more than five decades. Most of his most celebrated works date from the 1960s, when he became a "generation voice" reluctant to songs like "Blowin 'in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin" which became the national anthem for Civil. Rights Movement and anti-war movement. In 1965, he controversially left the early fan base in the revival of American folk music, recording a six-minute single, "Like a Rolling Stone", which expanded the scope of popular music.
Dylan's lyrics combine political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They oppose the existing pop-music conventions and appeal to a growing cultural counter. Originally inspired by Little Richard's performances and songwriting by Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has a reinforced and personalized music genre. In his recording career, Dylan has explored many traditions in American songs - from folk, blues, and country to gospel, and rock and roll, and from rockabilly to British, Scottish and Irish folk music, embracing even jazz and the Great American Songbook. Dylan appeared on guitar, keyboard, and harmonica. Supported by an altered line of musicians, he has toured regularly since the late 1980s on what is dubbed the "Endless Tour". His achievements as an artist and recording artist are vital to his career, but the songwriting is considered his greatest contribution.
After a self-titled debut album in 1962, which consisted mainly of traditional songs, Dylan made a breakthrough as a songwriter with the release of 1963 The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan , featuring "Blowin' on the Wind" and the complex thematic composition of "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall," along with some other enduring songs of the day. Dylan proceeded to release the political content of The Times They Are a Changin and a more flexible and introspective abstract on Bob Dylan's Other Side in 1964. In 1965 and 1966 Dylan was in controversy when he adopted the use of electrically reinforced rock instrumentation and within 15 months recorded the three most important and influential rock albums of the 1960s, Bringing it Back to Home , Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde .
In July 1966, Dylan withdrew from the tour after being injured in a motorcycle accident. During this period he recorded a large number of songs with Band members, who previously supported Dylan on the tour; was eventually released as a collaborative album of The Basement Tapes in 1975. In the late 1960s and early 70s, Dylan explored country music and rustic themes in John Wesley Harding , Nashville Skyline and New Morning . In 1975 Dylan released a decisive debut album Blood on the Tracks followed by Desire that was critically and commercially successful the following year. In the late 1970s, Dylan became a born-again Christian and released a series of contemporary gospel music albums, notably Slow Train Coming, before returning to a more familiar idiom rock with Infidels Dylan's main works during his later career include Time Out of Mind, "Love and Theft" and Tempest . His latest recordings have been composed of traditional American standard versions, especially songs recorded by Frank Sinatra.
Since 1994, Dylan has published seven drawing and painting books, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. Dylan has sold over 100 million records, making it one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and Academy Awards. Dylan has been inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 gave him a special quote for his "profound influence on American popular music and culture, characterized by a lyrical composition of extraordinary poetic power". In May 2012, Dylan received Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, and, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for having created a new poetic expression in the great American song tradition".
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Origins dan permulaan musik
Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman (Hebrew name ????????????? [Shabtai Zisl ben Avraham] ) at St. Hospital Mary on May 24, 1941, in Duluth, Minnesota, and grew up in Hibbing, Minnesota, in the Mesabi Range west of Lake Superior. He has a younger brother, David. Dylan's grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine), to the United States after the anti-Semitic pogrom in 1905. His maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. In his autobiography, Chronicles: Volume One , Dylan writes that the name of the paternal grandmother's daughter was Kirghiz and his family came from the Kaars district of Kars province in northeastern Turkey.
Dylan's father, Abram Zimmerman - the owner of the electrical equipment store - and his mother, Beatrice "Beatty" Stone, are part of a small, tight Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six years old, when his father had polio and his family back to his mother Hibbing's home, where they lived for the rest of his childhood. In the early years he listened to radio - first to blues and state stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later, when he was a teenager, to wiggle.
He formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In Golden Chords, he features cover covers by Little Richard and Elvis Presley. Their appearance from Danny & amp; "Rock and Roll Is The Hereors" Here to Stay "at their high school talent show so loudly that the principal cut the microphone On January 31, 1959, three days before his death, Buddy Holly appeared in Duluth Armory.Zimmerman, 17 years old, was there in the audience, in his Nobel Prize lecture, Dylan recalls: "He looked directly into my eyes, and he spread something. Something I do not know. And it gives me the creeps. "
In 1959, his high school yearbook read "Robert Zimmerman: to join 'Little Richard'." That same year, when Elston Gunnn, he made two dates with Bobby Vee, playing the piano and clapping. In September 1959, Zimmerman moved to Minneapolis and enrolled at the University of Minnesota. His focus on rock and roll gave way to American folk music. In 1985, he said:
The thing about rock'n'roll is that for me also not enough... There are interesting phrases and heart beat rhythm... but the songs are not serious or do not reflect life realistically. way. I know that when I get into folk music, it's more of a serious thing. The songs are filled with more despair, more sadness, more triumphs, more confidence in supernatural feelings, deeper feelings.
Living in the Jewish-centric brotherhood of Sigma Alpha Mu Zimmerman house began appearing at Ten O'Clock Scholar, a few blocks coffee shop from campus, and involved in the Dinkytown folk music series.
During his Dinkytown days, Zimmerman began introducing himself as "Bob Dylan". In his memoirs, he says that he uses this less common variant for Dillon - the last name he considers adopting - when he unexpectedly sees some poems by Dylan Thomas. Explaining his name change in a 2004 interview, Dylan commented, "You were born, you know, the wrong name, the wrong parent I mean, it happens You call yourself what you want to call yourself.. "
1960s
Relocation to New York and recording transactions
In May 1960, Dylan dropped out of college at the end of his first year. In January 1961, he went to New York City, to perform there and visit his musical idol Woody Guthrie, who was seriously ill with Huntington's disease at Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital. Guthrie has been a revelator to Dylan and influenced his early appearances. Describing Guthrie's influence, he writes: "The songs themselves have an infinite sweep of humanity in them... [He] is the true voice of the American spirit, I told myself that I would be Guthrie's greatest disciple." As well as visiting Guthrie at the hospital, Dylan befriends Guthrie's protà © à © gÃÆ'  © Ramblin 'Jack Elliott. Many of Guthrie's repertoires were channeled through Elliott, and Dylan paid tribute to Elliott in Chronicles: Volume One.
From February 1961, Dylan played in clubs around Greenwich Village, making friends and taking material from folk singers there, including Dave Van Ronk, Fred Neil, Odetta, Ramblers New Lost City and Irish musicians Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. New York Times critic Robert Shelton first recorded Dylan in Izzy Young's production review for WRVR from Hootenanny who lived twelve hours on July 29, 1961: "Among the promising new talents worth mentioning are the 20- Guthrie Disciples a long time ago named Bob Dylan, in a charming and curious way, who missed the country.This is Dylan's first live radio performance.In September, Shelton enhanced Dylan's career even further with his enthusiastic reviews for his performance at Gerde's Folk City The same month Dylan played the harmonica on Carolyn Hester's third album, bringing her talent to the attention of album producer John Hammond, who signed Dylan to Columbia Records.
The show on his first Columbia album, Bob Dylan, was released March 19, 1962, composed of folk, blues, and gospel known as the original two compositions. The album only sold 5,000 in the first year, enough to break even. In Columbia Records, some called the singer as "Hammond's Folly" and suggested dropping his contract, but Hammond defended Dylan and backed by Johnny Cash. In March 1962, Dylan donated the harmonica and back-up vocals to the Three Kings and the Queen album, accompanying Victoria Spivey and Big Joe Williams on recordings for Spivey Records. While working for Columbia, Dylan was recorded under the pseudonym Blind Boy Grunt for Broadside , a folk magazine and record label. Dylan used the pseudonym Bob Landy to record as a piano player on The Blues Project, a 1964 anthology album by Elektra Records. As Tedham Porterhouse, Dylan plays the harmonica on Jack Elliott's Jack Elliott's 1968 Album .
Dylan made two important career moves in August 1962: he legally changed his name to Robert Dylan, and he signed a management contract with Albert Grossman. (In June 1961, Dylan signed an agreement with Roy Silver In 1962, Grossman paid Silver $ 10,000 to become sole manager.) Grossman remained a Dylan manager until 1970, and is renowned for his sometimes confrontational and protective fidelity. Dylan said, "He looks like Colonel Tom Parker... you can smell it." The tension between Grossman and John Hammond caused Hammond to suggest that Dylan work with young African-American jazz producer Tom Wilson, who produced several songs for his second album without formal credit. Wilson went on to produce the next three albums that Dylan recorded.
Dylan made his first trip to England from December 1962 to January 1963. He was invited by TV director Philip Saville to appear in the drama, Madhouse on Castle Street, directed by Saville to BBC Television. At the end of the drama, Dylan features "Blowin 'in the Wind", one of his first public performances. The film footage of Madhouse on Castle Street was destroyed by the BBC in 1968. While in London, Dylan performed at London's folk clubs, including Troubadour, Les Cousins, and Bunjies. He also studied material from English players, including Martin Carthy.
At the time of Dylan's second album, The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan , in May 1963, he began to make his name as a singer and songwriter. Many of the songs on the album are labeled protest songs, some inspired by Guthrie and influenced by Pete Seeger's passion for topical songs. "The City of Oxford", for example, is a report about James Meredith's trial as the first black student to risk enrolling at the University of Mississippi.
The first song on the album Freewheelin ' , "Blowin' in the Wind", comes in part from the melody of the traditional slave track, "No More Auction Block", while the lyrics question the social status quo and politics. The song was widely recorded by other artists and became a hit for Peter, Paul and Mary. Another "Freewheelin" song, "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" is based on the ballad of the people of "Lord Randall." With a veiled reference to an upcoming apocalypse, the song gets more resonance when the Cuban Missile Crisis developed a few weeks after Dylan began to show it, as "Blowin 'in the Wind", "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" marked a new direction in songwriting, blending streams, awareness of lyrical attacks with traditional traditional forms.
Dylan's topical songs boosted his initial reputation, and he came to be seen as more than just a songwriter. Janet Maslin writes about Freewheelin ' : "These are the songs that make up [Dylan] as the voice of his generation - someone who implicitly understands how young Americans feel about nuclear disarmament and the growing Civil Rights Movement: a mixture of moral authority and its inconsistency may be its most timely attribute. " Freewheelin ' also includes real love songs and blues blues. Humor is an important part of Dylan's persona, and the range of material on this album impresses listeners, including The Beatles. George Harrison said of the album, "We just played it, just put it on. The content of the song lyrics and just his attitude - it's very original and beautiful."
The rough edges of Dylan's songs are disturbing to some but are an attraction to others. Joyce Carol Oates wrote: "When we first heard this raw, very young, seemingly untrained voice, it was really nose, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and thrilling." Many of the earliest songs reached the public through versions preferred by other players, such as Joan Baez, who became a supporter of Dylan and his lover. Baez was influential in bringing Dylan into fame by recording some early songs and inviting him onstage during his concert. "It did not take long before people got it, that he was very special," Baez said.
Others who had hits with Dylan songs in the early 1960s included Byrds, Sonny & amp; Cher, the Hollies, Peter, Paul and Mary, the Association, Manfred Mann and Turtles. Most try nuances and pop rhythms, while Dylan and Baez play it mostly as a rare folk song. The cover became so large that CBS promoted it with the slogan "Nobody Sings Dylan Like Dylan."
"Mixed-Up Confusion", recorded during the Freewheelin " session with the backing band, was released as a single and then quickly pulled back.Unlike most of the solo acoustic performances on the album, the single indicated a desire to experiment with Cameron Crowe described it as "an interesting view of a folk artist with his mind wandering toward Elvis Presley and Sun Records."
Protest and Other Side
In May 1963, Dylan's political profile went up when he came out of The Ed Sullivan Show . During the exercise, Dylan has been told by the head of the CBS television program that "Talkin 'John Birch Paranoid Blues" is potentially defamatory of the John Curry Society. Instead of obeying the censorship, Dylan refuses to appear.
At the moment, Dylan and Baez stand out in the civil rights movement, singing together in March in Washington on August 28, 1963. Dylan's third album, The Times They a-Changin ', reflects Dylan's more politicized. The songs often take on the subject of their contemporary story, with "Only Pawn in Their Game" handling the killing of civil rights worker Medgar Evers; and Brechtian "The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" the death of black hotel servant Hattie Carroll, in the hands of young white socialist William Zantzinger. On a more general theme, "Ballad of Hollis Brown" and "North Country Blues" convey the desperation caused by the destruction of agricultural and mining communities. This political material is accompanied by two personal love songs, "Boots of Spanish Leather" and "One Too Many Mornings". During the Nashville Skyline session in 1969, Dylan and Johnny Cash recorded a duet of unreleased songs.
In late 1963, Dylan felt manipulated and limited by popular movements and protests. Receiving the Tom Paine Award from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee immediately after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, drunken Dylan questioned the role of the committee, characterized its members as aged and bald, and claimed to see something about him and every man in Kennedy's killer Lee Harvey Oswald.
The Other Side of Bob Dylan , recorded on one night in June 1964, had a lighter mood. The cute Dylan reappears "I Be Be Be No. 10" and "Motorpsycho Nightmare". The "Spanish Harlem Incident" and "To Ramona" are passionate love songs, while "Black Crow Blues" and "I Do not Believe You" suggest rock and roll soon to dominate Dylan's music. "It Is not Me Babe", on the surface of a song about love rejected, has been described as a rejection of the role of the political spokesman presented to him. His latest guidance is characterized by two long songs: Impressionistic "Chimes of Freedom", which sets social commentary on the metaphor landscape in a style characterized by Allen Ginsberg as a "flickering image chain," and "My Back Pages," which attacks the simple seriousness and curved from his previous hat songs and seemed to predict the reaction he would face from a former champion as he takes a new direction.
In the second half of 1964 and until 1965, Dylan moved from folk-songwriter to pop-folk-rock pop star. His jeans and work shirt were replaced by Carnaby Street wardrobes, day or night sunglasses, and "Beatle shoes". A London reporter wrote: "Hair that will tilt a tooth comb on the edge, a hard shirt that will dim the fluorescent light in Leicester Square, looking like a malnourished parrot." Dylan starts arguing with the interviewer. Appeared on the television show Les Crane and asked about the movie he had planned, he told Crane that it would be a cowboy horror movie. Asked if he played a cowboy, Dylan replied, "No, I play my mother."
Being electric
Dylan's album at the end of March 1965 Taking It Back to Home was another leap, showing her first recording with an electric instrument. The first single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owes much to Chuck Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business"; the lyrics of his free association are portrayed as harking back to the energy of defeating poetry and as a rap and hip-hop pioneer. The song comes with an early video, which opens the cinema D. D. Pennebaker about Dylan's 1965 presentation in the United Kingdom, Dont Look Back . Instead of imitating, Dylan illustrates the lyrics by throwing a cue card containing the key words of the song on the ground. Pennebaker says the sequence is Dylan's idea, and it has been imitated in music videos and commercials.
The second side of Bringing It All Back Home contains four long songs that Dylan accompanies himself on acoustic guitars and harmonica. "Mr. Tambourine Man" became one of the most famous songs when Byrds recorded an electric version that reached number one in the US and UK. "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" and "It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" are two of Dylan's most important compositions.
In 1965, leading the Newport People's Festival, Dylan performed his first electric set since high school with a pickup group featuring Mike Bloomfield on guitar and Al Kooper in the organ. Dylan appeared in Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with cheering and scorn and left the stage after three songs. One version says that boos comes from a folk fan that Dylan has been alienated by performing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar. Murray Lerner, who filmed the show, said: "I really thought they were scolding Dylan into electricity." An alternative account claims annoyed audience members because of poor sound and short sets. This account is supported by Kooper and one of the festival directors, who reported his record proving the only boos was a reaction to the MC announcement that there was just enough time for the short set.
Nevertheless, Dylan's performance provoked a hostile response from the formation of folk music. In the September issue Sing Out! , Ewan MacColl writes: "Our traditional song and ballad is the creation of exceptionally talented artists working in disciplines formulated from time to time..." But what about Bobby Dylan? " screaming angry teenagers... Only a truly uncritical audience, kept on top of pop music, can fall to such a tenth level. "On July 29, four days after Newport, Dylan returned to the studio in New York , recording "Positive 4th Street". The lyrics contain images of revenge and paranoia, and it has been interpreted as the disappearance of Dylan's former friends from the community of people - friends he knows at clubs along West 4th Street.
Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde
In July 1965, the single "Like a Rolling Stone" peaked at two in the US and four on the UK charts. Over six minutes, the song changed what a pop song could deliver. Bruce Springsteen, in his speech for the inauguration of Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, said that at first hearing singles, "the snare sounds like someone has kicked open the door to your mind". In 2004 and in 2011, Rolling Stone listed it as the number one of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". The song opens the next Dylan album, Highway 61 Revisited , named after the road that leads from Dylan's Minnesota to the New Orleans musical lair. The songs were in the same tone as hit singles, peppered by blues guitarist Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper organ riffs. "Desolation Row", backed by an unpretentious acoustic and bass guitar, offers the only exception, with Dylan offending figures in Western culture in a song described by Andy Gill as "an 11-minute epic of entropy, which takes the form of Fellini parades and small-oddities featuring famous personalities, some of history (Einstein, Nero), some biblical (Noah, Cain and Abel), some fictive (Ophelia, Romeo, Cinderella), some literature (TS Eliot and Ezra Pound), and some that do not fall into the above categories, especially Dr. Filth and his dubious nurse. "
In support of the album, Dylan was booked for two US concerts with Al Kooper and Harvey Brooks from his studio crew and Robbie Robertson and Levon Helm, former members of the Hawks Ronnie Hawkins band. On August 28 at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, the group was denounced by an audience still bothered by Dylan's electric noise. The band's reception on September 3rd at the Hollywood Bowl was more profitable.
From September 24, 1965, in Austin, Texas, Dylan toured the United States and Canada for six months, supported by five musicians from the Hawks known as the Band. While Dylan and Hawks meet an increasingly receptive audience, their studio efforts flounder. Producer Bob Johnston persuaded Dylan to record in Nashville in February 1966, and surrounded him with top-notch session people. At Dylan's insistence, Robertson and Kooper came from New York City to play in the session. Sessions in Nashville produced a double album Blonde on Blonde (1966), featuring what Dylan called "a thin, wild mercury voice". Kooper described it as "taking two cultures and destroying them together with a big explosion": the Nashville music scene and the "New York classic hipster" Bob Dylan.
On November 22, 1965, Dylan secretly married a former 25-year-old model, Sara Lownds. Robertson wrote in his memoirs about receiving a phone call that morning to accompany the couple to court, and then to a reception hosted by Al Grossman at the Algonquin Hotel. Some of Dylan's friends, including Ramblin 'Jack Elliott, said that, soon after the incident, Dylan denied he was married. Journalist Nora Ephron made general news in the New York Post in February 1966 under the title "Hush! Bob Dylan married."
Dylan toured Australia and Europe in April and May 1966. Each show was split into two. Dylan performed solo during the first half, accompanying himself on acoustic guitar and harmonica. In the second, supported by the Hawks, he plays electrically amplified music. This contrast provoked many fans, who scoffed and slowed handclapped. The tour culminated in a hoarse confrontation between Dylan and his audience at the Manchester Free Trade Hall in England on May 17, 1966. The recording of this concert was released in 1998: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966 . At the height of the night, a member of the audience, who was angered by Dylan's electric support, shouted: "Jude!" Dylan replied, "I can not believe you... You're a liar!" Dylan turned to his band and said, "Play hard!" when they launch into the last song of the night - "Like a Rolling Stone".
During his 1966 tour, Dylan was described as exhausted and acted "as if he were on a journey of death". D. A. Pennebaker, the filmmaker who accompanied the tour, described Dylan as "taking a lot of amphetamines and who-knows-what-else." In a 1969 interview with Jann Wenner, Dylan said, "I was on the road for almost five years, it makes me sad, I use drugs, a lot of things... just to keep going, you know?" In 2011, BBC Radio 4 reported that, in an interview recorded by Robert Shelton in 1966, Dylan said he had kicked heroin in New York City: "I became very, very strong for a while... I have about $ 25-day habit and I kicked it. "Some journalists questioned the validity of this admission, pointing out that Dylan" has been telling journalists lies about his past since his early days. "
Motorcycle accident and closing
After the tour, Dylan returns to New York, but his pressure increases. ABC Television has paid a down payment for a TV show. The publisher, Macmillan, demanded the poetry/novel Tarantula. Manager Albert Grossman has scheduled a concert tour for the later part of this year.
On July 29, 1966, Dylan hit a 500cc Triumph Tiger 100 motorcycle near his home in Woodstock, New York, and was thrown to the ground. Although his injury rate was never disclosed, Dylan said that he broke some of the spine around his neck. The mystery still covers the circumstances of the accident because no ambulance was summoned to the scene and Dylan was not hospitalized. Biographer Dylan writes that the accident offered Dylan a chance to escape the pressure around him. Dylan confirms this interpretation in his autobiography: "I had a motorcycle accident and I was injured, but I recovered the truth is I want to get out of the rat race." Dylan resigned from the public and, apart from a few appearances, did not tour again for nearly eight years.
After Dylan was good enough to continue his creative work, he began editing the movie D. A. Pennebaker on his 1966 tour. Rough cuts are shown to ABC Television, which rejects them because they can not be understood by mainstream audiences. The film was later titled Eat the Document on pirated copies, and has been screened in several film festivals. In 1967 he began recording with the Hawks at his home and in the basement of a house near the Hawks, "Big Pink". These songs, originally a demo for other artists to be recorded, provided a hit for Julie Driscoll and Brian Auger Trinity ("The Wheel Is in Fire"), The Byrds ("You Do not Go to Anywhere", "Nothing Sent"), and Manfred Mann ("Mighty Quinn"). Columbia released the selection in 1975 as The Basement Tapes . Over the years, more songs recorded by Dylan and his band in 1967 appeared on pirated footage, culminating in a set of five CDs titled The Original Basement Tapes , containing 107 songs and alternatives taken. In the coming months, Hawks recorded the album Big Music from Big Pink using songs they did in their basement in Woodstock, and changed the Band's name, starting a long recording and doing their own career.
In October and November 1967, Dylan returned to Nashville. Back in the studio after 19 months, he was accompanied by Charlie McCoy on bass, Kenny Buttrey on drums, and Pete Drake on steel guitar. The result is John Wesley Harding , a contemplative note of short songs, set in a landscape depicting West America and the Bible. Rare structures and instrumentation, with lyrics that take the Jewish-Christian tradition seriously, depart from Dylan's own work and from the psychedelic spirit of the 1960s. These include "All Along the Watchtower", with lyrics coming from the Book of Isaiah (21: 5-9). The song was later recorded by Jimi Hendrix, whose version of Dylan was recognized as definitive. Woody Guthrie died on October 3, 1967, and Dylan made his first live appearance in twenty months at a Guthrie memorial concert held at Carnegie Hall on January 20, 1968, where he was supported by the Band.
Dylan's next release, Nashville Skyline (1969), is a mainstream country featuring Nashville musicians, soft-spoken Dylan, a duet with Johnny Cash, and hit single "Lay Lady Lay". Variety writes, "Dylan must have done something that could be called singing." Somehow he managed to add an octave to his ranks. " During one recording session, Dylan and Cash recorded a series of duets but only the Dylan version of "Girl from the North Country" was released on the album.
In May 1969, Dylan appeared on the first episode of Johnny Cash's television show and sang a duet with Cash of "Girl from the North Country", with the solo "Living the Blues" and "I Threw It All Away". Dylan then traveled to Britain on a bill at the Isle of Wight festival on August 31, 1969, after refusing an offer to appear at the Woodstock Festival closer to his home.
1970s
In the early 1970s, critics alleged that Dylan's output was varied and unpredictable. Author of Rolling Stone Greil Marcus asked "What's this?" at first listen to Self Portrait , released in June 1970. It was a double LP including some original songs, and was not well received. In October 1970, Dylan released the New Morning , considered back to form. The album included "Day of the Locusts", a song in which Dylan gave a report on receiving an honorary degree from Princeton University on June 9, 1970. In November 1968, Dylan had written together "I'll Have You Anytime" with George Harrison ; Harrison recorded "I'll Have You Anytime" and Dylan's "If Not for You" for his 1970 solo solo album All Things Must Pass . Dylan's surprise appearance at Harrison in 1971 Concert for Bangladesh drew media coverage, reflecting that Dylan's appearance has become rare.
Between March 16 and 19, 1971, Dylan booked three days at Blue Rock, a small studio in Greenwich Village, to record with Leon Russell. This session generates "Watching the River Stream" and a new recording of "When I Paint My Masterpiece". On November 4, 1971, Dylan recorded "George Jackson", which he released a week later. For many, the single was a shocking outcome of protest material, mourning the assassination of Black Panther George Jackson at San Quentin State Prison that year. Dylan contributed piano and harmony to Steve Goodman's album, Somebody Else's Troubles, under the pseudonym Robert Milkwood Thomas (referring to Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas and his previous name) in September 1972.
In 1972, Dylan signed with Sam Peckinpah film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid , providing songs and supporting music for movies, and playing "Alias", a member of Billy's gang with some historical bases. Regardless of the film's failure at the box office, the song "Knockin 'at Heaven's Door" became one of Dylan's most covered songs.
Also in 1972, Dylan protested the move to deport John Lennon and Yoko Ono, who had been found guilty of possession of marijuana by sending a letter to the US Department of Immigration, in part: "Hooray for John & Yoko, let them live and live here and breathe This country has plenty of room and space Let John and Yoko live! "
Return to tour
Dylan started in 1973 by signing a contract with a new label, Asylum Records David Geffen (and Island in the UK), when his contract with Columbia Records ended. In the next album, Planet Waves , he uses the Band as a backing group, while practicing for the tour. The album included two versions of "Forever Young", which became one of his most popular songs. When a critic describes it, the song projects "something stubborn and heartfelt that speaks of Dylan's father," and Dylan himself comments: "I wrote it thinking of one of my boys and did not want to be too sentimental."
Columbia Records simultaneously released Dylan , a studio censored collection (almost exclusively covering), was widely interpreted as a crude response to the signing of Dylan with a rival record label. In January 1974, Dylan toured again after seven years; supported by the Band, he embarked on a North American tour of 40 concerts. A double live album, Before Flood , is on Asylum Records. Soon, according to Clive Davis, Columbia Records sent word that they "will not leave anything to bring Dylan back to folding". Dylan has a second thought about Asylum, annoyed that when there were millions of unfilled ticket requests for the 1974 tour, Geffen sold only 700,000 copies of Planet Waves. Dylan returned to Columbia Records, which republished two of his Asylum albums.
After the tour, Dylan and his wife became alien. He filled out a small red notebook with songs about relationships and breaks, and recorded an album titled Blood on the Tracks in September 1974. Dylan delayed the release and re-recorded half the song at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis with production assistance from his brother, David Zimmerman.
Released in early 1975, Blood on the Tracks received mixed reviews. In NME , Nick Kent describes "companion songs [often] so their garbage sounds like just rehearsing." In Rolling Stone, Jon Landau writes that "the record has made with distinctive shoddiness. " Over the years, critics have regarded it as one of Dylan's greatest achievements. In Salon.com, Bill Wyman writes: "Blood on the Tracks is the only flawless and best-produced album; the songs, respectively, are built in a disciplined fashion. the best and the most anxious, and it seems that in the rear has reached a lofty balance between the excesses generated by logorrhea from the mid-1960s output and the simple compositions of its post-crash years.Novelis Rick Moody calls this " the most honest and most honest about the love affair from the tip to the stern that ever happened to the magnetic tape. "
In the middle of the year, Dylan wrote a ballad fighting for Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, jailed for triple murder in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1966. After visiting Carter in prison, Dylan wrote "Hurricane", presenting a case for Carter's not guilty. Despite its length - more than eight minutes - the song was released as a single, peaking at 33 on the US Billboard chart, and performed in 1975 each on Dylan's next tour, Rolling Thunder Revue. The tour featured about a hundred players and supporters of the Greenwich Village folk scene, including T-Bone Burnett, Ramblin 'Jack Elliott, Joni Mitchell, David Mansfield, Roger McGuinn, Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, and Scarlet Rivera, whom Dylan found walking down the street , violin box on his back. Allen Ginsberg accompanying the group, a staging scene for the film Dylan is filming. Sam Shepard was hired to write the screenplay, but eventually accompanied the tour as an informal history writer.
Running until the end of 1975 and again until early 1976, the tour included the release of the album Desire, with many new Dylan songs featuring narrative styles such as story travel, showing the influence of his new collaborator, playwright Jacques Levy. The 1976 half of the tour was documented by a special TV concert, Hard Rain , and LP Hard Rain ; no concert albums from the better-accepted and better known release opening half until 2002 Live 1975 .
The 1975 tour with Revue provided the background for the nearly four-hour Dylan movie Renaldo and Clara , a broad narrative mixed with concert footage and memories. Released in 1978, the film got poor reviews, sometimes spicy. Later in the year, two-hour editing, dominated by concert performances, was released more widely.
In November 1976, Dylan appeared on Band's "farewell" concert, with Eric Clapton, Joni Mitchell, Muddy Waters, Van Morrison, and Neil Young. The cinematic chronology of Martin Scorsese, The Last Waltz , in 1978 included about half of Dylan's collection. In 1976, Dylan wrote and discussed "Sign Language" for Eric Clapton's No Reason To Cry .
In 1978, Dylan embarked on a world tour for a year, performing 114 shows in Japan, the Far East, Europe, and the United States, to a total of two million viewers. Dylan put together an eight-part band and three supporting singers. The concert in Tokyo in February and March was released as a live double album, Bob Dylan At Budokan . Reviews are mixed. Robert Christgau rewarded the C rating, giving the detective review album, while Janet Maslin defended it in Rolling Stone, wrote: "The latest live version of his old songs has the effect of freeing Bob Dylan from the original." When Dylan took a tour to the US in September 1978, the press described the look and sound as 'Las Vegas Tour'. The 1978 tour grossed over $ 20 million, and Dylan told Los Angeles Times that he had debts because "I had some bad years... I put a lot of money into movies, built big houses... and it costs a lot for divorce in California. "
In April and May 1978, Dylan brought the same band and vocalist to Rundown Studios in Santa Monica, California, to record a new material album: Street-Legal. It was described by Michael Gray as, "after Blood On The Tracks, it's arguably Dylan's best record of the 1970s: an important album documenting the crucial period in Dylan's own life." However, he had a bad sound and mixing (attributed to Dylan's studio practice), muddy instrumental details until a remaster CD release in 1999 recovered some of the power of the songs.
Christian Period
In the late 1970s, Dylan entered Christian Evangelicals, undertaking a three-month discipleship course run by the Vineyard Churches Association; and released two contemporary gospel music albums. Slow Train Coming (1979) features guitar accompaniments of Mark Knopfler (Dire Straits) and is produced by R & amp; B producer Jerry Wexler. Wexler said that Dylan had tried to proclaim it during the recording. He replied: "Bob, you are dealing with a 62 year old Jewish atheist. Let's make an album." Dylan won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Vocal Performance for the song "Gotta Serve Somebody". His second Christian-themed album, Saved (1980), received mixed reviews, described by Michael Gray as "the closest thing to Dylan's follow-up album Slow Train Coming II
Many years ago they... said I was a prophet. I often say, "No, I'm not a prophet" they say "Yes, you are a prophet." I said, "Not that I'm not." They used to say, "You're really a prophet." They used to convince me that I was a prophet. Now I go out and say Jesus Christ is the answer. They say, "Bobno no prophet." They can not handle it.
Dylan Christianity is not popular among fans and musicians. Shortly before his murder, John Lennon recorded "Serve Yourself" in response to Dylan "Gotta Serve Somebody". In 1981, Stephen Holden wrote in the New York Times that "age no (he is now 40) or a much-publicized conversion to reborn Christianity has changed his iconoclastic character."
1980s
In the late 1980s, Dylan briefly played a concert that was billed as "Musical Retrospective", restoring popular songs of the 1960s to his repertoire. The Shot of Love , recorded at the beginning of the following year, featured his first secular composition in over two years, mixed with Christian songs. "Every Grain of Sand" reminds some verses of William Blake.
In the 1980s, Dylan recording recording varied, from respected Persons in 1983 to Slip Down in the Groove in 1988. Michael Gray condemned the album Dylan in the 1980s because of carelessness. in the studio and for failing to release his best songs. As an example of the latter, the recording session of Kida-Kida , which again uses Knopfler on the main guitar and also as an album producer, produces some of the famous songs that Dylan left behind from the album. The best considered is "Blind Willie McTell", a tribute to dead blues musicians and the rise of African American history, "Foot of Pride" and "Lord Protect My Child". All three songs were released on The Bootleg Series Volume 1-3 (Rare & amp; Unreleased) 1961-1991 .
Between July 1984 and March 1985, Dylan recorded Empire Burlesque . Arthur Baker, who has released Bruce Springsteen and Cyndi Lauper hit, was asked to engineer and mix the album. Baker said he felt he was hired to make Dylan's sound album "a bit more contemporary".
In 1985 Dylan sang in the US for an African famine relief event, "We Are the World". He also joined the Artist United Against Apartheid providing vocals for their single "Sun City". On July 13, 1985, he appeared at the peak of the Live Aid concert at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia. Supported by Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood, he features a version of "Hollis Brown", a ballad of rural poverty, and then says to a worldwide audience of over a billion people: "I hope that some of the money... maybe they can only take a bit, maybe... one or two million, maybe... and use it to pay mortgages on some farms and, farmers here, owe the bank. "His comments are widely criticized as inappropriate, but they inspire Willie Nelson to organize a series of events, Agricultural Assistance, to benefit debt-stricken American farmers.
In April 1986, Dylan dove into rap music when he added vocals to the opening stanza "Street Rock", featured on Kurtis Blow's album Kingdom Blow . Dylan's next studio album,
In 1986 and 1987, Dylan toured with Tom Petty and Heartbreakers, sharing vocals with Petty on several songs each night. Dylan also toured with Grateful Dead in 1987, producing live albums Dylan & amp; The Dead . It received a negative review: Allmusic says, "Quite possibly the worst album by Bob Dylan or Grateful Dead." Dylan then initiated what was then called the Never Ending Tour on 7 June 1988, performing with a back-up band featuring guitarist G. E. Smith. Dylan went on a tour with a small band that developed over the next 20 years.
In 1987, Dylan starred in the film Richard Marquand Hearts of Fire, where he played Billy Parker, a rock star washed into a chicken breeder whose teenage sweetheart (Fiona) left him for a tired British synthestin. pop sensation played by Rupert Everett. Dylan also contributed two original songs to the soundtrack - "Night After Night", and "I Had a Dream About You, Baby", as well as a cover of John Hiatt's "The Usual". This film is a critical and commercial failure. Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in January 1988, with the introduction of Bruce Springsteen stating, "Bob frees up your mind the way Elvis frees your body.He shows us that just because music does not physically mean it is anti-intellectual. "
The album Down in the Groove in May 1988 sold even more unsuccessfully than previous studio albums. Michael Gray writes: "The title greatly undermines any idea that inspires work that might be in it." Here is a further devaluation of the idea of ​​Bob Dylan's new album as significant. The critical and commercial disappointment of the album was quickly followed by the success of Traveling Wilburys. Dylan founded the band with George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty, and by the end of 1988 they were multi-platinum Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 reached three on the US album chart, featuring songs described as Dylan's easiest compositions in years. Despite Orbison's death in December 1988, the remaining four recorded a second album in May 1990 under the title Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 .
Dylan completed the decade with a critical high note with Oh Mercy produced by Daniel Lanois. Michael Gray writes that the album is: "Written with great attention, distinctive vocals, musical warmth, and no professional compromise, this cohesive whole is the closest thing to Bob Dylan's great album in the 1980s." The song "Most of the Time", the composition of lost love, was subsequently featured prominently in the movie High Fidelity, while "What Is It You Wanted?" has been interpreted both as a catechism and sour comments on the hopes of critics and fans. The religious image of "Ring Them Bells" struck some criticism as a reaffirmation of belief.
1990s
Dylan's 1990s began with Under the Red Sky (1990), the face of serious Oh Mercy . The album contains some seemingly simple songs, including "Under the Red Sky" and "Wiggle Wiggle". The album is dedicated to "Gabby Goo Goo", a nickname for Dylan's daughter and Carolyn Dennis, Desiree Gabrielle Dennis-Dylan, who was four years old. Sidemen on the album include George Harrison, Slash from Guns N 'Roses, David Crosby, Bruce Hornsby, Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Elton John. Despite the line-up, the record received poor reviews and sold poorly.
In 1991, Dylan received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award from American actor Jack Nicholson. The event coincided with the start of the Gulf War against Saddam Hussein, and Dylan featured "Masters of War". Dylan then gave a brief speech, saying, "My dad once said to me, he said, 'Nak, it is possible for you to be so contaminated in this world that your mother and father will leave you.If that happens, God will believe in the ability You are to correct your own path. '"This sentiment was later revealed as a quote from the 19th-century German Jewish intellectual, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.
Over the next few years Dylan returned to his roots with two albums covering folk and blues numbers: Good as I've Been to You (1992) and World Gone Wrong (1993) , featuring interpretations and acoustic guitar work. Many critics and fans commented on the quiet beauty of the song "Lone Pilgrim", written by a 19th century teacher. In November 1994 Dylan recorded two live performances for MTV Unplugged . He said his desire to perform traditional songs was rejected by Sony executives who insist on hits. The album, MTV Unplugged, included "John Brown", an unreleased 1962 song about how enthusiasm for the war ends with mutilation and disappointment.
Dylan's old street manager Victor Maymudes claims that the singer stopped drinking alcohol in 1994. Maymudes feels that Dylan is serious about making him "more closed and a little less social."
With a collection of songs reportedly written down in snow on his Minnesota ranch, Dylan booked a recording time with Daniel Lanois at Miami's Criteria Studios in January 1997. The next recording session, by some accounts, was full of musical tension. Prior to the release of Dylan's album was hospitalized with a life-threatening cardiac infection, pericarditis, caused by histoplasmosis. The scheduled European tour was canceled, but Dylan made a quick recovery and left the hospital saying, "I really think I'll see Elvis soon." He was back on the road in the middle of the year, and performed before Pope John Paul II at the World Eucharist Conference in Bologna, Italy. The Pope treats an audience of 200,000 people with a homily based on Dylan's lyrics "Blowin 'in the Wind".
In September Dylan released a newly produced Lanois album, Time Out of Mind . With a bitter judgment on love and morbidity, Dylan's first collection of original songs in seven years is highly acclaimed. A critic writes: "The songs themselves are very powerful, adding Dylan's best collection for years." This complex compilation won it as the Grammy Award of the Album of the Year.
In December 1997, US President Bill Clinton presented Dylan with the Kennedy Center Honor in the East Room of the White House, paying this award: "He may have more impact on people of my generation than any other creative artist.His voice and his voice lyrics" Always easy on the ears, but throughout his career, Bob Dylan never aimed to please. He's disturbing the peace and the strong discomfort. "
In 1999, Dylan embarked on a North American tour with Paul Simon, each of which alternated as an acting headline with the "middle" section in which they performed together, beginning on June 1 and ending September 18. Collaboration is generally well received.
2000s
Dylan started the 2000s by winning the Polar Music Awards in May 2000 and his first Oscars; his song "Things Have Changed", written for the Wonder Boys film, won an Academy Award in March 2001. Oscar, by several facsimile reports, toured with him, leading the show perched on top of the reinforcement.
"Love and Theft" was released on September 11, 2001. Recorded with the band's tour, Dylan produced his own album under the pseudonym Jack Frost. The album was very well received and earned nominations for several Grammy awards. Critics note that Dylan widened his musical palette to include rockabilly, Western swing, jazz, and even ballad lounges. "Love and Theft" sparked controversy when The Wall Street Journal showed similarities between the lyrics of the album and Japanese author Junichi Saga Confessions of a Yakuza .
In 2003, Dylan revisited evangelical songs from his Christian period and participated in CD projects. Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan . That year Dylan also released the film Masked & amp; Anonymous , which he wrote with director Larry Charles under the alias Sergei Petrov. Dylan plays the central character in the movie, Jack Fate, with players including Jeff Bridges, PenÃÆ' © lope Cruz and John Goodman. Film polarized criticism: many consider it an "incoherent chaos"; some are treated as serious works of art.
In October 2004, Dylan published the first part of his autobiography, Chronicles: Volume One . Confusing expectations, Dylan devoted three chapters to his first year in New York City in 1961-1962, almost ignoring the mid-1960s when his fame reached its peak. He also devoted chapters to the albums New Morning (1970) and Oh Mercy (1989). The book reached number two in the Non-Fiction Hardcover's best seller list The New York Times in December 2004 and was nominated for the National Book Award.
No Direction Home , the famous biopic of Martin Scorsese from Dylan, first aired on 26-27 September 2005, at BBC Two in the UK and PBS in the US. The documentary focuses on the period from Dylan's arrival in New York in 1961 to his motorcycle crash in 1966, featuring interviews with Suze Rotolo, Liam Clancy, Joan Baez, Allen Ginsberg, Pete Seeger, Mavis Staples, and Dylan himself. The film received the Peabody Award in April 2006 and the Columbia-duPont Awards in January 2007. The included soundtrack features unreleased songs from Dylan's early career.
Dylan got one more difference in a 2007 study of opinions and summaries of US law that found his lyrics cited by judges and lawyers more than any other songwriter, 186 times versus 74 by The Beatles, who came second. Among those citing Dylan were US Supreme Court Justice John Roberts and Judge Antonin Scalia, both conservatives. The most quoted lines include "You do not need a weather expert to know which wind direction is blowing" from "Homeick Blues Subterranean" and "when you have nothing, you have nothing to lose" from "Like Rolling Stone".
Modern and Modern Times
May 3, 2006, is the premiere of Dylan's radio presentation career, organizing a weekly radio program, Time Theme Radio Clock , for XM Satellite Radio, with a selection of songs revolving around the selected theme. Dylan plays classic and obscure notes from the 1930s to the present day, including contemporary artists as diverse as Blur, Prince, L.L. Cool J and the Streets. The show was praised by fans and critics as "great radio", when Dylan told stories and made eclectic references with his cynical humor, while achieving thematic beauty with his musical selections. In April 2009, Dylan broadcasted his 100th show in his radio series; the theme is "Goodbye" and the last recording being played is Woody Guthrie's "So Long, It's Been Good to Know Yuh". This led to speculation that Dylan's radio excursion was over.
On August 29, 2006, Dylan released the album Modern Times . Although there was a crude voice from Dylan (a critic for The Guardian characterized his singing on the album as "cat deaths") most reviewers praised the album, and many described it as the final installment of a successful trilogy, embracing Time Out of Mind and "Love and Theft" . Modern Times entered the US charts at number one, making it Dylan's first album to reach that position since 1976 Desire . The New York Times publishes an article exploring the similarities between some of Dylan's lyrics in the Modern Times and the work of the Civil War poet Henry Timrod.
Nominated for three Grammy Awards, Modern Times won Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album and Bob Dylan also won Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "Someday Baby". Modern Times is named Album of the Year, 2006, by Rolling Stone magazine, and by Uncut in the UK. On the same day Modern Times released, iTunes Music Store released Bob Dylan: The Collection , a set of digital boxes containing all of his albums (total 773 songs), along with 42 songs rare and unreleased.
In August 2007, award-winning biography from Dylan I'm Not There was written and directed by Todd Haynes, released - with the tagline "inspired by music and much of Bob Dylan's life". The film uses six different actors to represent different aspects of Dylan's life: Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Marcus Carl Franklin, Richard Gere, Heath Ledger and Ben Whishaw. Dylan's previously unreleased recording in 1967 from which the film took its name was released for the first time on the original soundtrack of the film; all other songs include Dylan's songs, recorded specifically for the film by various artists, including Sonic Youth, Eddie Vedder, Mason Jennings, Stephen Malkmus, Jeff Tweedy, Karen O, Willie Nelson, Cat Power, Richie Havens and Tom Verlaine.
On October 1, 2007, Columbia Records released a triple CD retrospective album Dylan , starting his career with the Dylan 07 logo. As part of this campaign, Mark Ronson produced a re-mix of Dylan's 1966 song "Most Likely You Go Your Way and I'll Go Mine", which was released as a maxi-single. This is the first time Dylan has approved the re-mixing of one of his classic recordings.
The sophistication of the Dylan 07 marketing campaign is a reminder that Dylan's commercial profile has grown considerably since the 1990s. It was first proven in 2004, when Dylan appeared in a TV commercial for Victoria's Secret underwear. Three years later, in October 2007, he participated in a multi-media campaign for Cadillac Escalade 2008. Later, in 2009, he gave the highest profile support in his career, appearing with rapper will.i.am in a Pepsi advertisement that debuted during the airing Super Bowl XLIII. The ad, broadcast to a recording audience of 98 million viewers, opens with Dylan singing the first stanza "Forever Young" followed by will.i.am performing a hip-hop version of the third and final song.
In October 2008, Columbia released The Bootleg Series Vol. 8 - Tell Tale Signs both as two CDs and three CD versions with a 150-page hardcover book. The set contains live performances and outtakes from selected studio albums from Oh Mercy to Modern Times , as well as the contribution and collaboration of the soundtrack with David Bromberg and Ralph Stanley. The album price - a two-CD set went on sale for $ 18.99 and a three CD version for $ 129.99 - causing complaints about "rip-off packs" from some fans and commentators. This release is widely recognized by critics. The number of alternate picks and unreleased material suggested to one reviewer that this long-censored volume "feels like Bob Dylan's new record, not only for the amazing freshness of the material, but also for the incredible sound quality and organic feelings of all here.. "
Together Through Life and Christmas in the Heart
Bob Dylan released his album Together Through Life on April 28, 2009. In a conversation with music journalist Bill Flanagan, published on Dylan's website, Dylan explained that the origin of the tape was when French film director Olivier Dahan asked him to providing a song for his new road movie, My Own Love Song ; initially only intend to record one song, "Life Is Hard," "sort of note taking the penny direction
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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