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Bowl or grass bowl is a sport whose goal is to roll a bias ball called a forest so they stop close to a smaller ball called "jack" or "cat". It is played on bowling green that may be flat (for "flat-green bowls") or convex or uneven (for "green bowl crown"). It is usually played outdoors (though there are many indoor spots) and outdoor surfaces are natural grass, artificial grass, or cotula (in New Zealand).


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Histori

This has been traced back to the 13th century, and conjunctively to 12. William Fitzstephen (around 1190), in the biography of Thomas Becket, gives a graphic sketch of London in his day and, writing about the summer entertainment of young men, says that on the day their holidays "are performed in Leap, Shoot, Wrestling, Casting of Stones [in jactu lapidum], and Throwing of Javelins comes with Loops for the Purpose, which they attempt to throw themselves in front of Mark; they also use Bucklers, like Men. "It is usually considered that by jactus lapidum, Fitzstephen means bowl games, but although perhaps the cobblestones have sometimes been used in various early games - and there is a record of the iron bowl being used, albeit on a later date, at celebration events in Nairn , - but the conclusion seems unwarranted. The jactus lapidum that he speaks may be more like a shot. However, beyond the dispute, the game, however, in its imperfect form, was played in the 13th century. A period manuscript in the royal library, Windsor (No. 20, E iv.), Contains an image representing two players leading to a small cone, not a ball or a clay holder. The world's oldest bowling green is Southampton Old Bowling Green, which was first used in 1299.

Another manuscript of the same century has a rough but vibrant image that brings us closer to the game. Three numbers are introduced and the jack. The first player bowl has stopped in front of the jack; the latter had delivered his bowl and followed afterwards with one of the eccentric contents still unusual in modern green, the first player while making a repressive movement with his hand, as if to push the bowl to stop his own shortcomings; the third player is described as the act of delivering his bowl. A 14th century manuscript, Book of Prayers, in Francis Douce's collection at the Bodleian Library in Oxford contains a picture in which two people are shown, but they are unmarked bowls. Strutt (Sports and Entertainment) suggests that the first player bowl may have been considered by the second player as the jack species; but in this case it is not clear what the target of the first player is. In the first three illustrations of this hobby, it should be noted that each player has only one bowl, and that the attitude in delivering it is five or six hundred years ago as it is today. In the third position he almost stood up straight; the first time he kneels; in the second he bowed, in the middle between the upright position and on his knees.

The game has finally come under the banning of kings and parliament, both fearing it will jeopardize the practice of archery, hence very important in battle. The statute forbids it and other sports are enacted in the reign of Edward III, Richard II and other kings. Even when, with the discovery of gunpowder and firearms, the bow was not used as a weapon of war, the ban continued. The discredit attached to the bowling alley, first set up in London in 1455, might push the next repressive law, as many of the aisles are connected with shops frequented by moral people and gamelan musicians. The word "bowl" occurs for the first time in the 1511 law in which Henry VIII confirms the previous enforcement against a game that violates the law. With further action 1541 - which is not repealed until 1845 - the artificers, laborers, apprentices, servants and the like are forbidden to play bowls at any time except Christmas, and then only in the host's house and their presence. It was further instructed that anyone who plays a bowl outside the garden or his own garden could be subject to 6s penalty. 8d. (6 shillings and 8 pence), while those with an annual worth of £ 100 may get licenses to play on their personal green.

In 1864 William Wallace Mitchell (1803-1884), a Glasgow Cotton Merchant, published "Manual of Bowls Playing" after his work as a secretary formed in 1849 by a Scottish bowling club that became the basis of the rules of modern game. Young Mitchell was only 11 when he played at Kilmarnock Bowling green, the oldest club in Scotland, instituted in 1740.

The patent of the first lawn mower in 1830, in the UK, is widely believed to be a catalyst, worldwide, for the preparation of modern green styles, sports ovals, playing fields, pitches, grasses, etc. It's the turn that led to codification of modern rules for many sports, including grass bowls, mostly football codes, lawn tennis, and others.

The National Bowling Association was founded in the late 1800s. In the Victorian Colony of the past (now the State of Victoria in Australia), the Victoria Bowling Association (Royal) was formed in 1880 and the Scottish Bowling Association was founded in 1892, despite an unsuccessful attempt in 1848 by 200 Scottish clubs.

Today sports are played in over 40 countries with more than 50 members of national authorities. The home of a modern Scottish game with a World Bowl center in Edinburgh at Caledonia House, 1 Redheughs Rigg, South Gyle, Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ.

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Game

Grass bowls are usually played on large grass, rectangular, properly leveled and manicured or synthetic surfaces known as bowling green which is divided into parallel playing strips called rinks. In the simplest competition, single, one of two opponents flips the coin to see who wins the "mat" and starts the competition segment (in terms of bowling, "end"), by placing the mat and turning the jack to the other end of the green to serve as a target. Upon stopping, the jacks are aligned with the center of the arena and the players take turns rolling their bowls from the mat to the jack and thus building up the "head".

The bowl can bend outside the boundary of the rink on its track, but it must stop inside the perimeter to keep playing. The bowl falls into the sewer dead and removed from play, except in the event when someone has "touched" the jack in the way. "Touchers" are characterized by chalk and stay alive in play even though they are in the trenches. Similarly, if the jack is thrown into the trench it is alive except outside the boundary to the side that produces the end of the "die" that is rotated, although according to international rules, the jack is "stalled" to the center of the ice rink. and finally proceed. After each competitor has sent all of their bowls (four each in singles and pairs, three each in triples, and two bowls each in a crawling position), the distance from the nearest bowl to the jack is determined (the jack may has been moved) and points, called "shots", are given for each bowl that the competitor has closer than the nearest opponent to the jack. For example, if a competitor had thrown two bowls closer to the jack than the closest opponent, they were given two shots. The exercise is then repeated for the next end, bowl games usually into twenty-one edges.

Grass bowls are played on the grass and variations from green to green are common. Green comes in all shapes and sizes, fast, slow, big crown, small crown and so on.

The bowl is generally played with a very good spirit, even at the highest professional level, the recognition of the opponent's success and barely normal.

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Scoring

The scoring system varies from competition to competition. Games can be disconnected when:

  • players in a single game reach the number of specified target shots (usually 21 or 25).
  • teams (pair, three or four) have a higher score after the specified final amount.

The game to a set number of destinations can also be drawn. The lottery may be standing, or the opponent may be asked to play an additional end to determine the winner. This provision is always published in the Play Terms event.

In Legal Sport of Bowl the winner in a single match is the first player to score 21 shots. In all other disciplines (couples, triples, fours) the winner is the team that has scored the most shots after 21/25 ends playing. Often local tournaments will play shorter games (often 10 or 12 ends). Some competitions use a "set" rating system, with the first to seven points awarded a set in the best match or three best-of-five sets. As well as singles competition, there can be two (couples), three (threefold) and four players (four) teams. In this case, the team alternates alternately, with every player in the bowling team of all their bowls, then handed over to the next player. The team captain or "jump" is always the last play and instrumental in directing his team's shots and tactics. The current scoring method in a professional tour (World Bowls Tour) is set. Each set consists of nine ends and players with the most shots at the end of the set winning set. If the score is tied, the set is divided in two. If a player wins two sets, or gets a win and a draw, the player wins the match. If each player wins a set, or both sets are bound, there is a 3-final tiebreak to determine the winner.

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Bias bowl

The bowl is designed to take the curved path because of the heavy bias that was originally produced by loading the load on one side of the bowl. This is no longer permitted by the rules and the bias is now produced entirely by the shape of the bowl. A bowler determines the direction of the bowl bias in his hand by dimples or symbols on one side. The rules specify allowed minimum bias, and range in diameter (11.6 to 13.1 cm), but in this rule bowlers can and choose the bowl according to their own preferences. They were originally made of lignum vitae, solid wood that gave rise to the term "wood" for the bowl, but now more usually made of hard plastic composite materials.

The bowl was once available only in black or brown but is now available in various colors. They have unique symbol marks carved on them for identification. Because many of the bowls look the same, colored, sticker or adhesive labels are also used to mark the bowl of each team in a bowl match. Some local associations agree on a special color for stickers for each club in their area. Provincial or national colors are often assigned in national and international competitions. These stickers are used by officials to distinguish teams.

The bowl has a unique symbol for the set of four for identification. The side of the bowl with the bigger symbol inside the circle shows the side away from the bias. The side with the smaller symbol inside the smaller circle is the biased side to which the bowl will rotate. It is not uncommon for players to give a "wrong" shot from time to time and see the bowls pointing carefully across the neighbor's arena rather than leading to their jack.

When bowling there are several types of delivery. The "picture" is a picture in which the bowl is rolled to a specific location without causing too much bowel disruption in the head. For a right-handed bowler, "forehand draw" or "finger peg" originally aimed to the right of the jack, and curved to the left. The same bowler can give a "raffle backhand" or "thumb peg" by flipping the bowl in his hand and bending it the opposite way, from left to right. In both cases, the bowl is rolled as close as possible to the jack, unless requested otherwise. A "drive" or "fire" or "attack" involves bowling with force with the aim of knocking one of the jacks or a certain bowl of play - and with the drive speed, almost nothing is visible (or, at least, much less) curve on the shot. A shot of "upshot" or "yard on" involves the delivery of a bowl with an extra weight level (often referred to as "controlled" or "rambler" weight), enough to shift the jack or interfere with another bowl in the head without killing it. end. The "block" shot is the one that was intentionally placed short to defend from the drive or to stop the opposition drawing shot. The challenge in all these shots is to be able to adjust the line and its length, the faster the delivery, the narrower the line or "green".

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Play variation

Particularly in team competitions there can be a large number of bowls in the green towards the end of the end, and this elicits complicated tactics. The team "holding a shot" with the nearest bowl will often make their next shot not with the intention of placing the bowl near the jack, but in a position to make the opponent difficulty to get their bowl to the head, or to a place where the jack may be deflected if the opponent tries to interfere with the head.

There are many different ways to organize games. Bowling Green Crown uses a whole green. A player can send jacks anywhere in the green in this game and the green itself is more akin to green golf, with lots of undulations. Only played with two woods each, ah jack also has a bias and only slightly smaller than the forest. At amateur level, usually for several ends are played simultaneously on one green color. If two moving woods meet, both are taken back and the shot is replayed. If the moving wood strikes a wood or a stationary jack from the other end, it is taken back and replayed, but the bowl is struck replaced when the contact occurs. The game is usually played for 21-ups in Singles and Doubles format with some up to 31-up play competitions. The Panel (Professional Crown Green Bowl) is played in Red Lion, Westhoughton every day and played up to 41-ups with greenide bets throughout the play.

Single, triple and fours and Australian couples are some of the ways games can be played. In singles, two people play against each other and the first to reach 21, 25 or 31 shots (as determined by the controlling body) is the winner. In a single game variant, each player uses only two bowls and the game is played over 21 edges. A player acknowledges the game before the end of the 21th if the scores differ in such a way that it is impossible to draw the same or win in 21 edges. If the score is equal after 21 is over, the additional end is played to determine the winner. An additional assessment method is to organize play. It consists of two sets of more than nine ends. If a player wins a set of each, they then play 3 further edges that will determine the winner.

Couples allow both people on the team to play Skip and Lead. The leader throws two bowls, the leap gives two, then leads give the remaining two, leap then give the remaining two bowls. Each end, lead and step switch position. It is played over 21 ends or swivel sets. Triples with three players while Fours is with four players on each team and played over 21 ends.

The other variation of the pair is 242 pairs (also known as the Australian Couple). At the very end of the game, players A lead with 2 bowls each, then players B play 4 bowls each, before players A finish the final with their last 2 bowls. Players A act as a leader and jump at the same end. At the end of the second, the role behind the player A is in the middle. These back and forth patterns continue through games that are usually more than 15 ends.

Short Mat Bowl is a year-round sport that is not affected by weather conditions and does not require a permanent location because the ice rink can be rolled up and stored. This is perfect for small communities because it can be played in village halls, schools, sports and social clubs, hotels and so on. where space is limited and also required for other purposes: it is even played on the North Sea oil rig where space is really at a premium.

The bowl is played by the blind and paralyzed. The blind bowlers are very skilled. A string is halfway & amp; wherever the landing jack is moved to the string and its length is invoked by visible markers, when the forest is sent a distance from the jack called out, in meters, feet and inches-position in relation to the jack given using the clock, 12.00 is behind the jack.

Tra bowl

In the province of West Flanders (and the surrounding area), the tra bowl is the most popular variation of the bowl. In contrast to playing it on flat or uneven terrain, the terrain is made smooth but with holes (tra only means "potholes" in Flemish). Hollow path causes the road to become more curved.

The ball is biased in the same way as a grass bowl ball but with a diameter of about 20 cm, a thickness of 12 cm and weighs about 2 kg, they are slightly larger than a regular bowl. The target is a metal feather or plate that can not move on the ground, not a small ball. The tra length is about 18 m.

The score is also different, since points are awarded for every shot that carries the ball closer to the target than the opponent's ball. This causes a pure blocking strategy to be less effective.

In 1972, the West-Flemish tra bowl federation was established to menseragamkan different local regulations and set the match calendar. Meanwhile, they also organize championships and tournaments.

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Competition

There is an Indoor World Championships as well as a World Bowl Event.

The bowl is one of the "core sports" that should be included in every edition of the Commonwealth Games. With the exception of the 1966 Games, the sport has been included in all Games since their inception in 1930. Glasgow, Scotland hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games, with Jo Edwards (New Zealand) and Darren Burnett (Scotland) winning a single gold medal.

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In popular culture

  • Blackball - a 2003 comedy about young bowl players, based on Griff Sanders.
  • Crackerjack - a 2002 Australian comedy film about a fine layabout who joined a grass bowl club to be allowed to use free parking but was forced to play bowls with a much older crowd when clubs enter into financial difficulties.
  • Great Framework - The cup is referenced in Series or Season 1, episode 6, and is briefly shown being played in Series 1, episode 7 of the Kiwi comedy show.

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See also

  • Basque bowl
  • Bocce
  • Boccia
  • Clavicle classification of disabled grass players
  • Hastings Open Bowls Tournament
  • Lawn Game
  • PÃÆ' Â © tanque
  • Short mat bowl
  • Trugo
  • World Bowl Event

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References

This article incorporates text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bowl". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica (issue 11). Cambridge University Press.

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External links

  • Lawn bowling in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
  • Short curry bowl in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
  • GAME OF BOWLS (1939) (archive of bowling games at Whitevale and Kingswood Bowling Clubs, Glasgow - from the National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE)

Source of the article : Wikipedia

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