Code Q is a set of standard three-letter codes that all start with the letter "Q". This is an operating signal originally developed for commercial radio telegraphic communications and later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio. To distinguish the use of the "Q" code transmitted as a question of being sent as a statement, the operator uses the Morse "INT" question (dit dit dit dah dah) as the prefix of the "Q" code.
Although Q code is created when radio uses Morse code exclusively, the codes continue to be used after the introduction of voice transmission. To avoid confusion, the transmitter call alert is limited; no country issues the ITU prefix starting with "Q".
Codes in the QAA-QNZ range are reserved for aeronautical use; QOA-QQZ for maritime use and QRA-QUZ for all services.
"Q" has no official meaning, but is sometimes given the word with mnemonic values, such as "Queen's" (eg QFE = Queen's Field Elevation), "Query", "Question" or "reQuest".
Video Q code
Initial development
The original Q code was created, circa 1909, by the British government as "abbreviated list... prepared for use of UK ships and coastal stations licensed by Postmaster General". Code Q facilitates communication between maritime radio operators who speak different languages, so they are immediately adopted internationally. A total of forty-five Q codes appear in the "Abbreviations to be Used in Radio Communications", which are included in the Service Rules attached to the Third Radiotelegraph International Convention in London (the Convention was signed on July 5, 1912, and entered into force on 1 July 1913.)
The following table reviews the code samples Q all services adopted by the 1912 Convention:
The Twelve Q Codes Enrolled in the Radiotelegraph 1912 International Convention Regulations
Maps Q code
Usage later
Over the years the original Q code has been modified to reflect changes in radio practice. For example, QSW/QSX originally stood for, "Should I increase/reduce the frequency of my spark?", But in the 1920s, spark transmitters were banned in the United States, making it obsolete. In the 1970s, Post Office Handbook for Radio Operators listed over a hundred Q codes, covering a wide range of subjects including radio procedures, meteorology, radio search, search and rescue.
Some Q codes are also used in flight, especially QNE, QNH and QFE, referring to specific altimeter settings. These codes are used in radio telephony conversations with air traffic controls as short abbreviations, where safety and efficiency are essential. A subset of the Q code is used by the Miami-Dade County, Florida regional government for law enforcement and fire rescue communications, one of the few instances where Q code is used in voice communications on the ground.
The QAA-QNZ code sequence includes phrases applicable primarily to flight services, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. QOA-QQZ code range is reserved for maritime services. The QRA-QUZ code series includes phrases that apply to all services and are allocated to the International Telecommunication Union. QVA-QZZ is not allocated. Many codes have no direct application outside of one individual service, such as maritime operations (many QO or QU series codes) or radio-type operations (QJ series).
Many military and other organizations that use Morse code have adopted additional codes, including the Z code used by most European countries and NATO. Code Z adds commands and questions customized for military radio transmissions, for example, "ZBW 2", which means "change to backup frequency number 2", and "ZNB abc", which means "my checksum is abc, what is yours?"
Used in their formal "question/answer" sense, the meaning of Q code varies depending on whether individual Q code is sent as a question or answer. For example, the message "QRP?" means "I will reduce transmitter power?", and answers "QRP" means "Yes, subtract your transmitter power", while the statement "QRP" which is not predicted mean "Please lower your transmitter power". The use of this structured Q code is quite rare and is now primarily limited to Morse amateur and military radio traffic networks (CW).
Breakdown by service
- QAA to QNZ - Assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
- QOA to QQZ - For Maritime Cellular Services.
- QRA to QUZ - Assigned by the Radio Communication Sector International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R).
- QN- - American Radio Relay League (ARRL) has also developed a separate code for handling messages within this range. Although they overlap with other signals, the ARRL establishes that their exclusive use within the NTS net limits confusion.
Signal Code of Aeronautics (QAA -QNZ; ICAO)
First defined in the ICAO publication "Doc 6100-COM/504/1" and in "ICAO Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Abbreviations and Code (PANS-ABC)" [Doc8400-4] (4th edition 1989), the majority of Q codes have been released from general use; such as today's reports such as QAU ("I will get rid of fuel") and QAZ ("I'm flying in a storm") will be a voice transmission or computerized. But some remain part of the phraseology of standard ICAO radio telephones in flight. It is also a part of ACP131, which lists all ITU-R Codes, without grouping them with aeronautical/marine/general use.
Maritim mobile services (Qoa-QQZ)
Artikel utama Maritime Mobile Service Q Codes
This assignment is specified in RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1172.
Q signals are not widely used in maritime services. Morse code is currently very rarely used for maritime communications, but in isolated maritime areas such as Antarctica and the South Pacific, the use of Code Q continues. The Q code still works when the HF sound circuitry is not possible because the nearest atmosphere and ship are one ionospheric hop.
All Services (QRA-QUZ)
First defined by the Washington 1927 Radio ITU Regulations. It is then defined by ITU-R in Appendix 9 to the Annex of Radio Regulations for the 1947 International Telecommunications Convention (Atlantic City). The current callsign table is found in ITU-R Appendix 42. Recent interpretations of Q-code can be found at ITU-R Appendix 14 and 15.
ITU 1990 Radio Regulations, Appendix 13: Various Abbreviations and Signals to be Used in Radiotelegraphy Communications Except in Maritime Cellular Services
Amateur radio
Amateur radio has actually adapted two different sets of Q code for use in amateur communication. The first set comes from QRA's civil civilian series through QUZ. Most of the meanings are identical to the definitions of ITU, however, they must be seen in the context of amateur communication. For example, QSJ? asked what his allegations sent telegraph. Due to amateur communication at no cost, this Q code does not make sense.
The second set is a set of QN Signals, which are only used in ARTS NTS nets. These operating signals generally do not have an equivalent in the publication of ACP 131 or ITU publications, and are specifically specified for use in ARTS NTS webs only. They are not used in regular amateur radio communications.
The selected Q code was soon adopted by an amateur radio operator. In December 1915, American Radio Relay League began publishing a magazine titled QST, named after the Q code for "General calls to all stations". In amateur radio, Q code was originally used in Morse code transmission to shorten long phrases and followed by Morse code question marks ( Ã, Â · Ã, Â · --Ã, | Ã, Â · ) if the phrase is a question.
Q code is usually used in voice communication as a short verb, verb, and adjective composing the phrase. For example, amateur radio operators will complain about QRM (manmade disturbance), or tell other operators that there is "QSB on signal" (fading); "to QSY" is changing the frequency of your operation, or breaking into a conversation. QSK is often used even at VHF and UHF frequencies. (See also Informal usage, below.)
Q code adapted for use in amateur radio
Note for responses to radio-Q-coded telegram: Responses to requests for the Q-code radiotelegraph or Q-code statements may vary depending on the code. For a Q-code or query statement that only needs to be recognized as accepted, the usual practice is to respond with the letter "R" to "Roger" which means "Accepted correctly". Sending "R" only means the code has been received correctly and does not mean that the receiving carrier has taken other actions. For Q-code questions that need to be answered in the affirmative, the usual practice is to respond with the letter "C" (sounds like the Spanish word "Si"). For Q-code questions that need to be answered in negative terms, usually practice to respond with the letter "N" for "no". For Q-code statements that need only be recognized as understood, the usual practice is to respond with prosign & lt; SN & gt; or & lt; VE & gt; which means "understood". On the telegraph cable network "KK" is often used at the end of the answer for Code Q means "OK" or "Recognized". This practice preceded the amateur radio as a telegraph operator in the late 19th century who was known to have used it.
Informal usage
QLF - "Did you send with your left foot? Try sending with your left foot!" Comments that humiliate humor about the quality of one's delivery.
QSK - "I can hear you during my transmission" - refers to certain modes of Morse code operation that is often called a full break-in QSK operation where the recipient is quickly switched on during a space between the dits and dahs , which allows other operators to interrupt transmission. Many modern transceivers combine this function, sometimes referred to as full break-in as opposed to semi-break-in where there is a short delay before the transceiver goes to receive.
QSY - "Change to transmission on other frequencies"; colloquially, "move [= change address]". For example, "When does QSY GKB from Northolt to Portishead....?"
QTH - "My Location..."; everyday language in voice or writing, "location". For example, "OCF [antenna] is an attractive building but in QTH I'm a disappointing player."
QTHR - "In the registered location..."; Especially English in sound or writing, "Historically - the location in the Print Handbook.. In a modern way - as provided in the online government notes for my callsign". For example, "You can contact me QTHR"
German use during World War II
During World War II, according to General Reports in Tunny, Bletchley Park, German radio teleprinter networks used Q-codes to build and maintain circuit connections.
Specifically: QKP is to show the Lorenz cipher machine settings for each message and, QZZ to indicate that daily key changes will occur at the sending station.
See also
- ACP-131
- NOTAM Code
- Amateur radio
- Brevity Code
- International Signal Code
- International maritime signal flag
- Morse code
- Continue for Morse code
- QRA searcher
- QSK operation (full break-in)
- Ten codes
- Code Z
References
External links
- Easy to read Q Code chart.
- Handbook for Wireless Telegraph Operator, October, 1909.
- United States Radio Ordinance and Rules: July 27, 1914 Edition. (Including the 1912 London Radiotelegraphic Convention)
- List of Q code
- Resources for Morse Code operations in amateur radio hobby
- Amateur Radio Q Code
- "Q-Signals"
- Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Code, Prowords And Abbreviations
- Recommendation ITU-R M.1172
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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