Amorphophallus titanum , also known as titan arum , is the largest flowering plant in the world. The inflorescence of the titan arum is not as big as the thimble blade, Corypha umbraculifera , but the throat inflorescence is branched and not branched.
Because of its smell, which is like the smell of dead bodies or decaying carcasses, titan arum is characterized as carcasses, and also known as carnations or corpse plants > - flowers means flowers, while carcass can be translated as corpses, corpses or carcasses). For the same reason, the heirloom title is also associated with the genus Rafflesia .
Video Amorphophallus titanum
Etimologi
Amorphophallus titanum gets its name from the Ancient Greek (??? << am am <<, "" "" "" without without without without without without without without <<) Maps Amorphophallus titanum
Distribution
Amorphophallus titanum is a native solely for western Sumatra, and western Java where it grows in openings in the rainforest of limestone hills. However, the plant is cultivated by botanical gardens and private collectors around the world.
Description
Inflorescence titan arum can reach more than 3 meters (10 feet). Like cuckoo pints and calla lilies, it consists of fragrant flowers wrapped in spathe, which look like a big petal. In the case of titan arum, the spathe is dark green on the outside and the burgundy black is dark on the inside, with a very wrinkled texture. Spadix is ​​hollow and resembles a great French bakery. Near the bottom of the spadix, hidden from view inside the spathe sheath, spadix has two small flower rings. The upper circle bears a male flower, the lower ring is decorated with a bright red bouquet. The "fragrance" of the titan arum resembles rotting flesh, attracts flesh-eating beetles and meat flies (Sarcophagidae family) that pollinate. The red color and texture of the inflorescence contribute to the illusion that spathe is a piece of meat. During bloom, the tip of spadix is ​​approximately the temperature of the human body, which helps the perfume evaporate; This heat is also believed to help the illusion of attracting carcass insects.
Male and female flowers grow in the same inflorescence. The female flower opens first, then the next day or two, the male flowers open. This usually prevents the flowers from self-pollination.
After the flower dies, one leaf, which reaches the size of a small tree, grows from an underground tuber. The leaves grow on green stalks that split into three sections at the top, each containing many leaflets. Leaf structure can reach up to 6 meters (20 feet) and 5 meters (16 feet). Every year, old leaves die and new ones grow in place. When the tuber stores enough energy, it becomes inactive for about four months. Then the process repeats.
This worm is the largest, usually weighs about 50 kilograms (110 pounds). When the specimen in the Princess of Wales Conservatory, Kew Gardens, had been busted after an inactive period, the weight was recorded as 91 kilograms (Â £ 201). In 2006, a tuber in the Botanical Garden of Bonn, Germany recorded 117 kg (258 pounds), and a A. titanum grew up in Gilford, New Hampshire by Dr. Louis Ricciardiello in 2010 weighing 138 kilograms (305 pounds). But the current record is held by the growing tubers at Edinburgh's Royal Botanic Garden, weighing 153.9 kilograms (339 pounds) after 7 years of growth from an early orange size bulb.
Cultivation
The titan arum grows in the wild only in the equatorial rain forest of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was first described scientifically in 1878 by Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari. Plant flowers are only rare in the wild and are even rarer when cultivated. It was first cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, in 1889, with more than 100 flowers cultivated since then. The first documented flowers in the United States were at the New York Botanical Garden in 1937 and 1939. This flower also inspired the appointment of the titan arum as the official flower of the Bronx in 1939, only to be replaced in 2000 by the day of the lily. The number of cultivated plants has increased in recent years, and not infrequently there are five or more flowering events in gardens around the world in one year. The titan arum is more commonly available for advanced gardeners because of pollination techniques.
In 2003, the highest bloom in cultivation, about 2.74 m (8 ft. 11 in) tall, was reached at the University Botanical Garden of Bonn in Germany. The event is recognized by Guinness World Records. On October 20, 2005, this record was solved in Wilhelma's botanical garden and zoology in Stuttgart, Germany; bloom reaches a height of 2.94 m (9 ft 6 in). The record was solved again by Louis Ricciardiello, whose specimens measured 3.1 m (10, ft 2.25 in) high on June 18, 2010, when on display at Winnipesaukee Orchids in Gilford, New Hampshire, USA. The event is also recognized by Guinness World Records.
In 2011, Roseville High School in California became the world's first junior school to successfully bring the blooming titanum.
Bloom
In cultivation, titanum generally requires vegetative growth of 7-10 years before blooming for the first time. After the initial bloom, there can be considerable variation in the frequency of bloom. Some plants may not bloom again for another 7-10 years while others may bloom every two to three years. There have also been documented back-to-back bloom cases that occur within a year and worms simultaneously transmit leaves (or two) and inflorescences. There are also times when the bulbs produce many blooms simultaneously.
Branches usually begin to open between day and afternoon and stay open all night. At this time, the female flowers receive pollination. Although most spathes begin to wilt in twelve hours, some have been known to remain open for 24-48 hours. As the spathe wilts, the female flowers lose their acceptance of pollination.
Pollination itself is usually considered impossible, but in 1999, Huntington Botanist botanists pollinated their plants with pollen from male flowers. This procedure is successful, yielding fruit and ten fertile seeds that produce some seeds. In addition, a titan arum at Gustavus Adolphus College unexpectedly produces a viable seed via self-pollination in 2011.
Smell
As the spathe begins to open, the spadix releases a strong odor to attract pollinators, insects that feed on dead animals or lay their eggs in rotting flesh. The odor potential (aroma) gradually increases from late at night to midnight, when the carcass beetle and the meat fly are active as pollinators, then gradually diminishes towards the morning. Analysis of chemicals released by spadix indicates odors including dimethyl trisulfide (such as limburger cheese), dimethyl disulfide, trimethylamine (rotting fish), isovaleric acid (sweaty socks), benzyl alcohol (sweet flavor scent), phenol (like Chloraseptic), and indole (such as feces).
Blooms
See the list of published titum arum in cultivation
Live feed video:
- Rosie, starts blooming Monday, April 23, 2018 at the Tucson Botanical Gardens in Tucson, AZ
- Octavia, the eighth dead body blooms in five years at the Missouri Botanical Garden, began blooming on July 9, 2017.
- Kansas State University Gardens starts blooming Tuesday 27 June 2017 in Manhattan, KS
- Little Dougie, bloom starting Wednesday 28 May 2017 at Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa, CA
- Audrey, begins bloom Monday June 26, 2017 at California Carnivores in Sebastopol, CA
- Terra, starts blooming Thursday, June 15, 2017 at the Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco.
- Java and Sumatra, began to bloom Wednesday, May 31, 2017 at the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe, IL.
- Wee Stinky, titan arum bloom, starts blooming Friday, October 14, 2016 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
- Lupine, titan arum blooms, starts blooming Thursday, September 22, 2016 at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina.
- Pep le pew, bloom June 13, 2018 at Mitchell Park Domes, Milwaukee, WI
Time Lapse Video:
- Titan arum blooms, July 2007 Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, named Cronus by Horticultural Zoo staff. Blooming occurred Monday morning, July 23, 2007, the elapsed time is about 48 hours from July 22, 2007.
- Perry T. Titan, Gustavus Adolphus College, September 24 - November 7, 2013, from tubers to spadix collapsed 45 days later.
- Ohio State University May 2012.
- The first flowering of 'Aaron' on 9-10 July 2015 at the Botanical Gardens of Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
- Mount Lofty Botanic Garden, South Australia, blooms December 29, 2015.
- Adelaide Botanic Gardens, South Australia, blooms February 1, 2016 and again on January 3, 2017.
- The Conservatory of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, name Chauncey, blooms in February 2016.
- Cornell University Faculty of Agriculture and Science, Ithaca, NY, blooming in 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016.
- Indiana University Bloomington, Wally, at Jordan Greenhouse at Indiana University, blooms in July 2016.
Gallery
- Picture '' Amorphophallus titanum ''
References
Bibliography
- Bown, Deni (2000). Aroid: Arum Family Plants . Timber Press. ISBNÃ, 0-88192-485-7
- Greenhouse Newsletter Education and Research Association, volume 15 number 1.
External links
- Three Titan Webcams plus a time-lapse video at Gustavus Adolphus College in Saint Peter, Minnesota
- 3D photos of 2004 flourished at Walt Disney World (Requires 3D/red glasses)
- List of blooms in the US since 1937
- How to grow Titan Arum
- Titan Arum at Flower Park Kagoshima of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan (in Japanese)
- YouTube Videos Amorphophallus titanum
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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