Douglas Noel Adams (March 11, 1952 - May 11, 2001) is an English writer, playwright, essayist, humorist, satirist and playwright.
Adams is the author of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, who came from 1978 as a BBC radio comedy before evolving into a "trilogy" of five books that sold over 15 million copies in his life and produced television series, some stage plays, comics, computer games, and in 2005 a widescreen movie. Adams's contribution to English radio is celebrated at the Hall of Fame Radio Academy.
Adams also writes Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (1987) and The Long Dark Tea-Time of Soul (1988), and wrote The Meaning of Liff < (1990), The Last Opportunity to See (1990), and three stories for the television series Doctor Who i>; he also served as the script editor for the seventeenth season of the event in 1979. A collection of posthumous works, including an unfinished novel, was published as The Salmon of Doubt in 2002.
Adams is an advocate for environmental conservation and conservation, fast car lovers, technological innovations and Apple Macintosh, and a radical atheist.
Video Douglas Adams
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Adams was born on March 11, 1952 to Janet (nÃÆ' Â © e Donovan; 1927-2016) and Christopher Douglas Adams (1927-1985) in Cambridge, England. The family moved to the East End of London a few months after his birth, in which his sister, Susan, was born three years later. His parents divorced in 1957; Douglas, Susan, and their mother moved to an RSPCA animal shelter in Brentwood, Essex, run by her maternal grandparents.
Education
Adams attended Primrose Hill Primary School in Brentwood. At nine o'clock, he passed the entrance exams for Brentwood School, an independent alumnus school including Robin's Day, Jack Straw, Noel Edmonds, and David Irving. Griff Rhys Jones is a year below, and he's in the same class as Stuckis artist Charles Thomson. He attended prep school from 1959 to 1964, then primary school until December 1970. Adams was 6 feet (1.8 m) at age 12 and stopped growing at 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m). His master, Frank Halford, said that his height made him stand out and he was conscious of it. His ability to write stories made him famous in school. He became the only student ever to be awarded ten out of ten by Halford for creative writing, something he remembers for the rest of his life, especially when confronting the writer's block.
Some of his earliest writings were published in the school, such as the report on his photography club at The Brentwoodian in 1962, or a spoof review in the school magazine Broadsheet , edited by Paul Neil Milne Johnstone, which later became a character on The Hitchhiker's Guide . He also designed the cover of one edition of Broadsheet , and had letters and short stories published in The Eagle , a boy comic, in 1965. A poem entitled "Dissertation about the task of writing poetry on a candle and reporting on some of the difficulties associated with "written by Adams in January 1970, at the age of 17, was found in a closet at school early in 2014.
On the strength of a bravura essay on a religious poem discussing The Beatles and William Blake, he was awarded an Exhibition in English at St. John's College, Cambridge, up in 1971. He wanted to join the Footlights, an invited special student comedy. a club that has acted as a greenhouse for comic talent. He was not selected immediately as he had hoped, and began writing and performing in revues with Will Adams (no relationship) and Martin Smith, forming a group called "Adams-Smith-Adams", but became a member of the Footlights by 1973 Despite doing little job - he recalls having completed three essays in three years - he graduated in 1974 with a BA in English literature.
Maps Douglas Adams
Careers
Write
After leaving the university Adams moved back to London, determined to enter TV and radio as a writer. The edited version of Revision Backlight appeared on BBC2 television in 1974. The Revue version shown live in West End London caused Adams to be discovered by Monty Python Graham Chapman. Both formed a short writing partnership, generating Adams's writing credit in episode 45 of Monty Python for a sketch called "Patient Harassment". The couple also co-wrote the "Marilyn Monroe" sketch that appeared on the Monty Python and Holy Grail soundtrack albums. Adams is one of only two people besides the original Python members to get a write credit (the other is Neil Innes).
Adams has two short appearances in the fourth series of Monty Python Flying Circus . At the beginning of episode 42, "The Light Entertainment War", Adams is in a surgeon's mask (like Dr. Emile Koning, according to the screen description), pulling gloves, while Michael Palin tells a sketch that introduces one person after another but never started. At the beginning of episode 44, "Mr. Neutron", Adams wore pepper-pant clothes and loaded a missile into a cart driven by Terry Jones, who called for scrap metal ("Any old iron..."). Both episodes were broadcast in November 1974. Adams and Chapman also tried non-Python projects, including Out of the Trees .
At this point Adams's career stalled; his style of writing did not match the current style of radio and TV comedy. To make ends meet, he took a series of side jobs, including as a hospital porter, builder, and cleaner chicken coop. He was employed as a bodyguard by the Qatari family, who had made their fortunes in oil.
During this time Adams continued to write and submit sketches, although few were received. In 1976, his career experienced a brief increase when he wrote and did Inconvenience at Brodie Close at the Edinburgh Fringe festival. By Christmas, the work had dried up again, and the depressed Adams moved to live with his mother. The lack of writing jobs hit him hard and low self-esteem became the hallmark of Adams's life; "I had a very lack of confidence... I did therapy, but after a while I realized it was like a farmer complaining about the weather You can not fix the weather - you just need to continue."
Some of Adams's early radio works included sketches for The Burkiss Way in 1977 and The News Huddlines. He also wrote, again with Chapman, February 20, 1977 episode Doctor on the Go , a sequel to the television comedy series Doctor in the House . After the first radio series The Hitchhiker's Guide became a success, Adams became a BBC radio producer, working on Week Ending and a pantomime named Black Cinderella Two Goes East He left after six months to become a script editor for Doctor Who .
In 1979 Adams and John Lloyd wrote scripts for two half-hour episodes of Doctor Snuggles: "The Great Bitter River" and "The Great Missing Mysteries" (episodes eight and twelve). John Lloyd is also co-author of two episodes of the original Hitchhiker radio series ("Fit the Fifth" and "Fit the Sixth", also known as "Episode Five" and "Episode Six"), as well as Lifestyle Meaning and Liffer Meaning .
Hitchhiker Guide to Galaxy
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a concept for the comedic science-fiction comedy series staged by Adams and radio producer Simon Brett to BBC Radio 4 in 1977. Adams came up with an outline for the pilot episode, as well some other stories (reprinted in this Neil Gaiman book Do not Panic: The Official Hitchhiker Guide for Galaxy Companion ) that can be used in this series.
According to Adams, the idea for the title occurred to him as he lay drunk on a field in Innsbruck, Austria, staring at the stars. He brought a copy of the Hitch-hiker bearer to Europe, and it occurred to him that "somebody has to write the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ". He then says that the constant repetition of this anecdote has erased his memory of the actual event.
Despite the original outline, Adams is said to make the story as he writes. He turned to John Lloyd for help with the last two episodes of the first series. Lloyd contributed little of his own unpublished science fiction book, called GiGax . Very little Lloyd material survives in the next adaptation of Hitchhiker's, like novels and TV series. The TV series is based on the first six radio episodes, and the parts donated by Lloyd are mostly rewritten.
BBC Radio 4 broadcasted the first radio series every week in the UK in March and April 1978. The series is distributed in the United States by National Public Radio. Following the success of the first series, another episode was recorded and broadcast, commonly known as the Christmas Episode. The second series of five episodes aired one per night, during the week of 21-25 January 1980.
While working on a radio series (and with simultaneous projects like The Pirate Planet) Adams developed a problem with writing deadlines that worsened when he published a novel. Adams has never been a prolific writer and usually has to be forced by others to write. This includes locking in the hotel suite with its editor for three weeks to ensure that So Long, and Thank You for All Fish has been completed. He was quoted as saying, "I like deadlines, I like the whizzing sounds they make as they pass by." Despite difficulties with deadlines, Adams wrote five novels in the series, published in 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, and 1992.
The books form the basis for other adaptations, such as the three-part comic adaptation for each of the first three books, interactive computer games-textual adventures, and photo-editing editions, published in 1994. This last edition featured 42 Teka -tek designed by Adams, which was later included in the novel cover of four novels Hitchhiker (the novel for the fifth reusing the artwork of the hardback edition).
In 1980 Adams began trying to turn the first Hitchhiker novel into a film, make several trips to Los Angeles, and work with Hollywood studios and potential producers. The following year, the radio series became the basis of BBC television mini broadcasts in six parts. When he died in 2001 in California, he had tried again to get the film project started with Disney, who had bought the rights in 1998. The scenario was posthumously rewritten by Karey Kirkpatrick, and the resulting film was released in 2005.
Dirk Maggs radio producer had consulted with Adams, first in 1993, and then in 1997 and 2000 about creating a third radio series, based on the third novel in the Hitchhiker series. They also discussed the possibility of radio adaptation of the last two novels in the "trilogy" of five books. Like the film, this project only materialized after the death of Adams. The third series, The Tertiary Phase , was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in September 2004 and later released on audio CDs. With the help of his reading recording of Life, Universe and Everything and editing, Adams can be heard playing the Agrajag part posthumously. So Long, and Thank You for All Fish and Mostly Not Harmful made the fourth and fifth radio series, respectively (on their radio titled The Quandary Phase and Quintessential Phase ) and was broadcast in May and June 2005, and was later released on the Audio CD. The last episode in the last series (with a new, "more vibrant" ending) ends with, "The last episode of Douglas Adams's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is dedicated to the author."
Soft Dirk series
Between Adams's first trip to Madagascar with Mark Carwardine in 1985, and their series of journeys that formed the basis for Radio Channel and Last Chance to See, Adams wrote two other novels with a new character cast. Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency was published in 1987, and described by its author as "a kind of romantic-comedy-romantic-epic-time-triple-horror-detective-horror, primarily related to mud, music and quantum mechanics". It comes from two Doctor Who series written by Adams.
A sequel, The Long Dark Tea-Time of Soul , was published a year later. This is an entirely original work, Adams first since So Long, and Thank You for All Fish. After the book tour, Adams embarked on a world tour that gave him material for Last Chance to See .
Doctor Who
Adams sent a script for the pilot program of HHGG to the production office Doctor Who in 1978, and was assigned to write The Pirate Planet (see below). He had previously also tried to submit a potential movie script, called "Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen", which later became his novel Life, the Universe and Everything (which in turn became the third Hitchhiker's Guide radio series). Adams then went on to serve as a script editor at the show for the seventeenth season in 1979. Overall, he wrote three Doctor Who series starring Tom Baker as Doctor:
- "The Pirate Planet" (the second serial in the "Key to Time" bow, in season 16)
- "The City of Death" (with producer Graham Williams, from the original storyline by author David Fisher) It was transmitted under the pseudonym "David Agnew")
- "Shada" (only partially filmed, not aired on television due to industry dispute)
The episodes written by Adams are some of the few that were not popularized because Adams would not allow anyone else to write them, and asked for a higher price than the publisher would pay. "Shada" was later adapted as a novel by Gareth Roberts in 2012 and "City of Death" and "The Pirate Planet" by James Goss in 2015 and 2017 respectively.
Elements of Shada and the City of Death are reused in the later novels of Adams Dirk Gently <<>, especially the character of Professor Chronotis. Big Finish Productions has finally re-created Shada as an audio play starring Paul McGann as Doctor. Accompanied by a partial animated illustration, it was a webcast on the BBC website in 2003, and later released as two CDs set later that year. This version of omnibus edition was broadcast on the BBC7 digital radio station on December 10, 2005.
In the episode of Doctor Who 2012 Christmas The Snowmen , author Steven Moffat was inspired by the storyline dubbed by Adams The Doctor Retires .
Music
Adams plays a left-handed guitar and has a collection of twenty-four left-handed guitars when he dies (having received his first guitar in 1964). He also studied piano in the 1960s with the same teacher as Paul Wickens, pianist who played in Paul McCartney (and composed music for the 2004-2005 edition of the Hitchhiker's Guide radio series). Pink Floyd and Procol Harum have an important influence on Adams' work.
Pink Floyd
Adams's official biography shares his name with the song "Wish You Were Here" by Pink Floyd. Adams befriended Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour and, on Adams's 42nd birthday, he was invited to make guest appearances at the Pink Floyd concert on October 28, 1994 at Earls Court in London, playing guitar on "Brain Damage" and "Eclipse" Adams chose the name for Pink Floyd's 1994 album The Division Bell by selecting words from the lyrics to one of his tracks, "High Hopes." Gilmour also performed at the Adams commemorative ceremony in 2001, and what will be Adams's 60th birthday party in 2012.
Game and computer projects
Douglas Adams created an interactive fiction version of HHGG with Steve Meretzky of Infocom in 1984. In 1986 he participated in a weeklong brainstorming session with the Lucasfilm Games team for the Labyrinth game. Later he was also involved in creating the Bureaucracy as a parody of events in his own life.
Adams is a co-founder and Head of Fantasist of The Digital Village, a digital media and Internet company that he created Starship Titanic, an award-winning adventure game Codie Award and BAFTA, published in 1998 by Simon & amp; Schuster. Terry Jones wrote the accompanying book, titled Douglas Adams' Starship Titanic , because Adams was too busy with computer games to do both. In April 1999, Adams embarked on a collaborative h2g2 collaborative writing project, an experimental attempt to make The Hitchhiker's Guide into the Galaxy come true, and leverage the collective brain power of the internet community. It was hosted by BBC Online from 2001 to 2011.
In 1990, Adams wrote and presented the television documentary program Hyperland featuring Tom Baker as a "software agent" (similar to the assistant described in the Apple Knowledge Navigator video of future concepts from 1987), and an interview with Ted Nelson, co-inventor of hypertext and the person who coined the term. Adams is an early adopter and hypertext supporter.
Personal beliefs and activism
Atheism and views on religion
Adams describes himself as a "radical atheist", adding "radical" to emphasis so he will not be asked whether he means agnostic. He told American atheists that this conveyed the fact that he really meant it. He imagined a pool of life that woke up one morning and thought, "This is an interesting world that I found inside - an interesting hole that I found - perfect for me, is not it? It really suits me, definitely made to have me in inside! "to show his view that the Universe's well-tuned argument for God is a mistake.
He remains fascinated by religion because of his influence on human affairs. "I like to keep poking and forcing it, I've been thinking about it for years that the attraction will surely spill over into my writing."
The biologist of evolution and atheist Richard Dawkins used Adams's influence to give an example of an unbelievable argument in his 2006 The God Delusion . Dawkins dedicated the book to Adams, who jokingly referred to him as "perhaps converting only" to atheism and writing about his death that "Science has lost a friend, the literature has lost a fame, the mountain gorillas and the black rhino have lost a heroic defender."
Environmental activism
Adams is also an environmental activist who campaigns on behalf of endangered species. This activism included the production of the Last Chance to See radio series, where he and naturalist Mark Carwardine visited rare species such as kakapo and Baiji, and the publication of a tie-in book of the same name. In 1992 it was made into a combination of audiobook CD-ROM, e-book and slide show images.
Adams and Mark Carwardine contributed to the 'Gorilla Meeting' section of Last Opportunity to See to the book Great Ape Project . This book, edited by Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, launched a wider scale project in 1993, which called for an expansion of moral equality to include all great apes, humans and non-humans.
In 1994, he participated in climbing Mount Kilimanjaro while wearing a rhinoceros suit for the British charity Save the Rhino International. William Todd-Jones's puppeteer, who originally wore a suit in the London Marathon to raise money and bring awareness to the group, also participated in climbing in a rhino suit; Adams wore the suit while traveling to the mountain before the ascent began. Around £ 100,000 was raised through the event, benefiting schools in Kenya and the black rhino conservation program in Tanzania. Adams is also an active supporter of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund.
Since 2003, Save the Rhino has held an annual Douglas Adams Duke Lecture around the time of his birthday to raise money for an environmental campaign.
Technology and innovation
Adams bought his first word processor in 1982, after considering it as early as 1979. His first purchase was Nexu. In 1983, when she and Jane Belson went to Los Angeles, she bought DEC Rainbow. After they returned to England, Adams purchased Apricot, then BBC Micro and Tandy 1000. In Adams's Last Chance to See Adams mentioned his Cambridge Z88, which he had brought to Zaire to search for the northern white rhino.
Adams's published work after the death, The Salmon of Doubt, featured several articles by him on technology issues, including reprints of articles originally in MacUser magazine and in Independent newspaper on Sunday . In Adams it claims that one of the first computers he ever saw was Commodore PET, and that he had "worshiped" his Apple Macintosh ("or rather my family, but many Macintoshes I've accumulated indiscriminately for years") since he first saw him in Infocom's office in Boston in 1984.
Adams was a Macintosh user since they first came out in 1984 until his death in 2001. He was the first person to buy a Mac in Europe (the second was Stephen Fry - though several different accounts in this case, saying Fry bought his Mac first. Fry claimed he was second in Adams). Adams is also an "Apple Master", a celebrity made by Apple to be the spokesperson for his product (others include John Cleese and Gregory Hines). Adams's contribution includes a rock video he created using the first version of iMovie with footage featuring his daughter Polly. The video is available on Adam's homepage. Adams installed and started using the first release of Mac OS X in the weeks leading up to his death. His last post to his own forum is praising Mac OS X and possibly the Cocoa programming framework. He says it's "awesome...", which is also the last word he wrote on his site.
Adams used an email to correspond with Steve Meretzky in the early 1980s, during their collaboration in the Infocom version of the Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy. While living in New Mexico in 1993 he created another email address and started posting to his own USENET newsgroup, alt.fan.douglas-adams, and sometimes, when his computer was in action, into the comp.sys.mac hierarchy. The challenge of authenticity of his messages then caused Adams to set up a forum message on its own website to avoid the problem. In 1996, Adams became the keynote speaker at the Microsoft Professional Developers Conference (PDC) where he described the personal computer as a modeling tool. The video from his keynote speech is archived on Channel 9. Adams also served as keynote speaker for the April 2001 Embedded Systems Conference in San Francisco, one of the major technical conferences on embedded systems engineering.
Personal life
Adams moved to Upper Street, Islington, in 1981 and to Duncan Terrace, a few minutes' walk, in the late 1980s.
In the early 1980s Adams was having an affair with novelist Sally Emerson, who was separated from her husband at the time. Adams later devoted his book Emerson to Life, Universe and Everything . In 1981 Emerson returned to her husband, Peter Stothard, a contemporary of Adams at Brentwood School, and later editor of The Times. Adams was soon introduced by friends to Jane Belson, with whom he later became romantically involved. Belson is a "female lawyer" mentioned in the biography of the flap-jacket printed in his book during the mid-1980s ("He [Adams] lives in Islington with a woman lawyer and Apple Macintosh"). The two lived in Los Angeles together during 1983 while Adams worked on an early adaptation of the Hitchhiker scenario. When the deal failed, they moved back to London, and after some separation ("She is not currently sure where she lives, or with whom") and the broken engagement, they married on November 25, 1991.
Adams and Belson have one daughter, Polly Jane Rocket Adams, born on June 22, 1994, shortly after Adams was 42 years old. In 1999 the family moved from London to Santa Barbara, California, where they stayed until his death. After the funeral, Jane Belson and Polly Adams returned to London. Belson died on September 7, 2011 due to cancer, aged 59 years.
Death and inheritance
Adams died of a heart attack on May 11, 2001, aged 49, after taking a break from his regular exercise at a private gym in Montecito, California. Adams has been scheduled to give his starting address at Harvey Mudd College on May 13th. His funeral was held on May 16 in Santa Barbara. The ashes were placed at the Highgate Cemetery in north London in June 2002. A memorial service was held on 17 September 2001 at St. Martin-in-the-Fields church, Trafalgar Square, London. It became the first church service to be broadcast live on the web by the BBC. The video clip of the service is still available on the BBC website for download.
One of his last public appearances was a lecture given at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Parrots, the universe and everything , recorded several days before his death. Full transcripts of lectures are available, and the university has made the full video available on YouTube.
Two days before Adams died, Minor Planet Center announced the naming of the 18610 Arthurdent asteroid. In 2005, the Douglasadams 25924 asteroid was named in his memory.
In May 2002, The Salmon of Doubt was published, containing many short stories, essays, and letters, and praise from Richard Dawkins, Stephen Fry (in the English edition), Christopher Cerf (in US Edition) and Terry Jones (in the US paperback edition). This also includes the eleven chapters of his unfinished novel, The Salmon of Doubt, originally intended to be a new Dirk Gently novel, but possibly later to become the sixth novel Hitchhiker .
Other events after Adams's death included the production of the webcast Shada , allowing full story to tell, the dramatic radioisation of the last three books in the Hitchhiker series, and the completion of the adaptation film of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy . The film, released in 2005, posthumously mentions Adams as a producer, and several design elements - including the head-shaped planet seen near the end of the film - incorporate Adams features.
A 12-part radio series based on Dirk Gently's novel was announced in 2007.
BBC Radio 4 also commissioned the third Dirk Gently radio series based on incomplete chapters of The Salmon of Doubt, and written by Kim Fuller; but this was rejected by the BBC TV series based on two completed novels. The sixth novel Hitchhiker , And Other Thing... , by Artemis Fowl author Eoin Colfer, was released on October 12, 2009 (30th anniversary) of first book), published with Adams real support. BBC Radio 4 Book at Bedtime adaptations and audiobooks soon followed.
On May 25, 2001, two weeks after Adams's death, his fans organized an award known as Towel Day, which has been observed every year since then.
In 2011, more than 3,000 people took part in a public vote to elect the subjects of the People's Placards in Islington; Adams received 489 votes.
On March 11, 2013, Adams 61th birthday is celebrated with an interactive Google Doodle.
In 2018, John Lloyd presented an hour of BBC Radio Four's episode of Archive on 4, discussing Adams's personal paper, held at St. John's College, Cambridge. This episode is available online.
A street in SÃÆ'Â £ o JosÃÆ'Â ©, Santa Catarina, Brazil is named in the honor of Adams.
Awards and nominations
Work
TV writing credit
Note
References
- Adams, Douglas (1998). Is there an Artificial God ?, a speech at Digital Biota 2 , Cambridge, England, September 1998.
- Adams, Douglas (2002). Salmon Doubts: Passing Galaxy One Last Time . London: Macmillan. ISBNÃ, 0-333-76657-1.
- Dawkins, Richard (2003). "A speech to Douglas Adams," in a demon minister: a reflection on hope, lies, science, and love . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Felch, Laura (2004). Do not panic: Douglas Adams and Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Neil Gaiman, May 2004
- Ray, Mohit K (2007). Atlantic Companion for Literature in English , Publishers and Atlantic Distributors. ISBNÃ, 81-269-0832-7
- Simpson, M. J. (2003). Hitchhiker: A Biography of Douglas Adams (1st ed.). Boston, Mass.: Justin, Charles & amp; Co ISBN: 1-932112-17-0.
- Webb, Nick (2005a). Wish You Were Here: Official Biography of Douglas Adams . Ballantine Book. ISBNÃ, 0-345-47650-6
- Webb, Nick (2005b). "Adams, Douglas NoÃÆ'« l (1952-2001) ", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, January 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2005.
- Roberts, Jem (2014) "The Frood: The Authorized & Very Official Biography of Douglas Adams & The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy" Introduction to Publishing. ISBN: 009959076X "The Frood"
Further reading
Articles
More
- The official Adams website at Wayback Machine (archived July 20, 2011), was founded by him, and is still operated by The Digital Village
- Douglas Adams at TED
- Douglas Adams's Speech at Digital Biota 2 (1998) (Audio Speech)
- Authors Book "Author Pages", with profiles and links to the next article.
- Works by or about Douglas Adams in the library (WorldCat catalog)
- Douglas Adams & amp; his computer article about his Mac IIfx
- BBC2 "Omnibus" homage to Adams, presented by Kirsty Wark, August 4, 2001
- Mueller, Rick and Greengrass, Joel (2002). Life, The Universe and Douglas Adams , the documentary.
- Simpson, M.J. (2001). The Pocket Essential Hitchhiker Guide. ISBNÃ, 1-903047-40-4. Updated April 2005 ISBNÃ, 1-904048-46-3
- A special edition of the BBC Book Club featuring Douglas Adams, first aired January 2, 2000 on BBC Radio 4
External links
- Official website
- Media related to Douglas Adams on Wikimedia Commons
- Quotes related to Douglas Adams on Wikiquote
- Douglas Adams in Discover Mausoleum
- Douglas Adams in IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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