Malbec ( pronounced [mal.b? k] ) is a variation of purple wine used in making red wine. Grapes tend to have darker colors and stronger tannins, and are known as one of the six grapes allowed in a mixture of red Bordeaux wines. The French plantation of Malbec is now found mainly in Cahors in Southwestern France. It is increasingly famous as Argentinean grape varieties and is growing all over the world.
Called Malbec in Bordeaux, Auxerrois or CÃÆ'Â't Noir in Cahors, and Pressac elsewhere, wine became less popular in Bordeaux after 1956 when frost kills 75% of the crop. Although Cahors is exposed to the same ice, which destroys vineyards, Malbec is replanted and continues to be popular in the area where it is mixed with Merlot and Tannat to make dark, full-bodied wine, and has recently been made 100% Wine varieties Malbec.
A popular but unconfirmed theory claims that Malbec was named after a Hungarian farmer who first deployed grape varieties throughout France. French ampellographer and viterbistist Pierre Galet notes, however, that most evidence suggests that CÃÆ'Â't is the original name of the variety and probably originated in northern Burgundy. Despite the same name, the wine Malbec argentÃÆ'Â © is not Malbec, but a variety of Abouriou southwestern wine. Due to the similarities in synonyms, Malbec has also been confused with Auxerrois blanc, which is a very different variety.
Malbec wine is a thin-skinned wine and requires more sun and heat than Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot to mature. It matures mid-season and can carry very deep colors, sufficient tannins, and plum-like flavor components to add to the complexity to clog blood. Sometimes, especially in areas that grow traditionally, are not maintained and cultivated as bushes (goblet system). Here it is sometimes stored with relatively low yields of about 6 tons per hectare. The wine is rich, dark and watery.
As a variety, Malbec creates somewhat inky red (or violet) wines, so it is also commonly used in mixes, such as with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon to create a French red blend of Bordeaux. The wine is mixed with Cabernet Franc and Gamay in some areas such as the Loire Valley. Other wine regions use wine to produce a Bordeaux-style mix. Varieties are sensitive to frost and have a tendency to destroy or coulure.
Video Malbec
Viticulture
Malbecs are particularly vulnerable to various wine diseases and the dangers of viticulture - especially frost, coulure, downey mildew and rot but the development of new cloning and vine management techniques has helped to control some of these potential problems. When not suffering from these diseases, especially coulure, it has the potential to produce high yields. The results are too high, like the situation in Argentina until recently with the use of large flood irrigation, the wine becomes simpler and less in taste. Malbec seems to be able to produce well in various soil types but in limestone based in Cahors it seems to produce the darkest and tannic manifestations. There is a distinct ampelographic difference in the Malbec clones found in France and in Argentina, with the Argentine Malbec likely to have smaller fruits.
A comparative research study conducted by the Catena California Wine and University Institute, Davis, examines the differences between the phenolic composition of Malbec grapes from California, USA, and Mendoza, Argentina. Sixteen vineyards in California and twenty-six blocks in Mendoza were selected based on uniformity and representation of the region. The study concludes that there are differences in flavor and different composition in Malbec wines produced in Mendoza and California.
Maps Malbec
Areas
Malbec is the dominant red varieties in Cahors where the Appellation ControlÃÆ'Ã © e rules for Cahors require content of at least 70%. Introduced to Argentina by the French agricultural engineer Michel Pouget in 1868, Malbec was grown extensively in Argentina resulting in softer, less tannic-driven varieties than the Cahors wine. There used to be 50,000 hectares planted by Malbec in Argentina; there are now 25,000 hectares in Mendoza besides production in La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Catamarca and Buenos Aires. Chile has about 6,000 hectares of cultivated, 5,300 hectares of France and in colder areas of California only 45 hectares. In California, wine is used to make Meritage. Malbec also grows in the State of Washington, Rogue and Umpqua in Oregon, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, British Columbia, Long Island AVA New York, Oregon, southern Bolivia, northeastern Italy and recently in Texas and south. Ontario, Virginia, and in the Baja California region of Mexico.
French
At one point Malbec has grown in 30 different French departments, an inheritance that still exists in the abundant local synonyms for varieties that easily surpass 1000 names. However, lately, the popularity of these varieties has continued to decline with the 2000 census reporting only 15,000 acres (6,100 hectares) of vines largely handed over to the southwestern part of the country. The defense camp remains at Cahors where the 'Appellation d'origine contrÃÆ'Â'lÃÆ' Â © e rules (AOC) stipulate that Malbec must compose at least 70% of the mixture, with Merlot and Tannat rounding out the remaining percentages. Outside of Cahors, Malbec is still found in small quantities as the allowed varieties at AOC from Bergerac, Buzet, CÃÆ'Â'tes de Duras, CÃÆ'Â'tes du Marmandais, Fronton and PÃÆ' Â © charmant. It is also permitted at Vin DÃÆ' Â © limitÃÆ'Â © de QualitÃÆ' © Supeureure (VDQS) from CÃÆ'Â'tes du Brulhois. In the MIDI region of Languedoc, it is allowed (but rarely grown) in the AOC area of ​​CabardÃÆ'¨s and CÃÆ'Â'tes de MalepÃÆ'¨re. There are a small number of Malbecs grown in the central Loire Valley and permitted at the AOC in Anjou, Coteaux du Loir, Touraine and the sparkling AOC Saumur wine where blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Gamay. But as elsewhere in France, Malbec lost the acreage of other varieties - especially Cabernet Franc in the Loire.
Wine is historically the main planting in Bordeaux, giving color and fruit to the mix, but in the 20th century began to lose ground for Merlot and Cabernet Franc because, in part, the sensitivity to so many different wine diseases (coulure, downy fungus, frost). The severe 1956 winter swept away most of the Malbec vines in Bordeaux, allowing many growers to have the opportunity to restart new varieties. In 1968 the cultivation in Libournais fell to 12,100 hectares (4,900 hectares) and fell further to 3,460 hectares (1,400 hectares) in 2000. While Malbec has since become a popular component of the New World service or mix of Bordeaux , and it is still a permissible variety in all major wine regions in Bordeaux, its presence in Bordeaux is as a very small variety. Only CÃÆ'Â'tes-de-Bourg, Blaye and Entre-Deux-Mers regions have significant plantings in Bordeaux. Argentina
While the Malbec area is declining in France, in Argentina wine is soaring and has become a "national variety" of a kind uniquely identified with Argentinian wine. Wine was first introduced to this region in the mid-19th century when provincial governor Domingo Faustino Sarmiento instructed French agronomist Miguel Pouget to bring grapes from France to Argentina. Among the vines Pouget brought was the first Malbec plant grown in the country. During the twentieth-century economic upheaval, some Malbec plantings were pulled out to make way for the wine jugs that produced the Criolla Grande and Cereza varieties. But wine was rediscovered in the late twentieth century when the Argentine wine industry shifted its focus to premium wine production for export. When the Argentine wine industry discovered the unique wine qualities that wine can make, Malbec rose to prominence and is now the most widely grown red wine variety in the country. In 2003 there were more than 50,000 hectares (20,000 hectares) of Malbec in Argentina.
The wine group from the Argentine Malbec is different from its French relatives, having smaller fruits in a narrower and smaller group. This suggests that the cuttings brought by Pouget and then French immigrants are unique copies that may have been extinct in France because of the ice and phylloxera epidemic. Argentine wine Malbec is characterized by deep color and intense fruit flavor with velvety texture. Although it lacks the tannic structure of the French Malbec, which is more luxurious in texture, the Argentine Malbec has shown the potential for aging similar to their French counterparts. The Mendoza region is the main producer of Malbec in Argentina with plantings found throughout the country in places like La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Catamarca and Buenos Aires.
High Altitude Mendoza Malbec
The highest Malbec wine in Argentina comes from the Mendoza highlands of LujÃÆ'¡n de Cuyo and the Uco Valley. These districts are located at the foot of the Andes mountains between an altitude of 800 m and 1500 m (2,800 to 5,000 ft).
Vintner from Argentina NicolÃÆ'¡s Catena Zapata has been widely known for elevating the status of the Argentine Malbec and Mendoza region through serious experiments into the effects of high altitude.
In 1994, he was the first to plant Malbec vineyards in nearly 1500 m (5,000 ft) in the Gualtallary Tupungato district, Adrianna Vineyard, and to develop the Argentine Malbec clonal option.
The altitude occupation in Mendoza has attracted many famous overseas winemakers, such as Paul Hobbs, Michel Rolland, Herve Joyaux-Fabre, Roberto Cipresso, and Alberto Antonini, and today, there are some Malbecs from that region that scored over 95 points in Wine Spectator and Robert Parker The Wine Advocate.
United States
Prior to the Prohibition in the United States, Malbec was a significant variety in California used primarily for the production of mixed bulk wine. After the Prohibition, wine was a minor variety until it experienced a wave of interest as a component of the Bordeaux-style "Meritage" in the mid-1990s. Between 1995 and 2003, Malbec plantings in California increased from 1,000 acres (404 hectares) to over 7,000 acres (2,830 hectares). While the rise of California Malbec variants is increasing, wine is still the most widely used for mixing. In California, the American Veterican Area (AVA) with Malbec's largest planting includes the Napa Valley, the Alexander Valley, Paso Robles and Sonoma Valley.
Other areas of California with some Malbec cultivation include Livermore Valley, Atlas Peak, Carmel Valley, Los Carneros, Ramona Valley, Central Coast, Red Hills Lake County, Chalk Hill, Clear Lake, Diamond Mountain District, Russian River Valley, Dry Creek Valley, Rutherford, El Dorado, San Lucas, Santa Clara Valley, Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Lucia Plateau, Santa Maria Valley, Santa Ynez Valley, Howell Mountain, Sierra Foot, Ksatria Valley, Spring Mountain District, St. Helena, Lodi, Stags Leap District, Madera, Suisun Valley, Temecula Valley, Monterey, Mount Veeder, North Coast, Knoll Oak District, Yorkville Plateau, Oakville, Paicines, Clements Hills, Fair Play, Willow Creek, North Yuba, and Yountville.
Seven Hills Winery planted the first vines of Malbec grown in the state of Oregon in the late 1990s in their Windrow vineyard in Walla Walla Valley. Since the turn of the 21st century, some wineries have experimented with 100% of Malbec varieties and used varieties in Meritage mixes. In Washington State, this place grows mainly in the Columbia Valley and sub-AVA Walla Walla Valley, Rattlesnake Hills, Red Mountain, Wahluke Slope, Horse Heaven Hills, and Yakima Valley.
Other AVAs in the United States that produce Malbecs include New York appellations of North Fork of Long Island and the Finger Lakes; Oregon's appointment from Applegate Valley, Rogue Valley, Southern Oregon, Umpqua Valley, and Willamette Valley; the name Idaho from the Valley of the Snake River; Texas applications from Texas High Plains and Texas Hill Country; Virginia's announcement of Monticello and North Fork of Roanoke; the North title to the Yadkin Valley; call Michigan from the Old Mission Peninsula and Leelanau Peninsula; the New Jersey title to the Outer Coastal Plain and Colorado's designation for the Great Valley. In addition there are several plantings in Missouri and Georgia outside of the appropriations that are depicted federally.
Other regions
The success of Malbec in Argentina caused some producers in neighboring Chile to try their hands in various ways. Growing throughout the Central Valley, the Chilean Malbec tends to be more tannic than its Argentine counterpart and is used primarily in mixed styles of Bordeaux. In 2016 La Moneda Reserve Malbec at a bargain price from UK supermarket chain Asda won the Best Platinum Award in Show in the blind show at the Decanter World Wine award.
Grapevine was introduced to Australia in the 19th century and is largely a mass production wine. Special clones grown in Australia are of poor quality and are particularly vulnerable to coulure, frost and downy. In the mid to late 20th century, many hectares of Malbec were deprived and planted with different varieties. In 2000, there was little more than 1,235 acres (500 hectares), with Clare Valley and Langhorne Creek having the most significant amount. When newer clones are available, Malbec plantings in Australia have increased slightly.
Other areas with several Malbec plantings include northern Italy, New Zealand, Brazil, South Africa, Canada territories in British Columbia and Ontario, Bolivia and Mexico, and South Indiana.
Wine
Grape expert Jancis Robinson described the usual French Malbec style in Libournais (Bordeaux region) as a "rough" version of Merlot, softer on tannins and lower acidity with blackberry fruit in his youth. Malbec region of Cahors is much more tannic with phenolic compounds that contribute to its dark color. Oz Clarke describes Cahors' Malbec as a dark purple color with damam aroma, tobacco, garlic, and raisins. In Argentina, Malbec becomes softer with plusher textures and tin ripplers. Grapes tend to have a watery fruit note with violet scents. In very warm regions of Argentina, Chile, and Australia, the acidity of the wine may be too low which can cause the wine to taste soft and weak. Malbecs that grow in the state of Washington tend to be marked with records of dark fruit and herbal aromas.
Synonyms
French Ampelographer Pierre Galet has documented over a thousand different synonyms for Malbec, partly derived from its peak period when grown in 30 different French departments. Although Malbec is the most common name known to wine drinkers, Galet suggests that CÃÆ'Â't most likely is the original name of the grape varieties and the frequent appearance of Auxerrois as a synonym shows the northern part of Burgundy as a possible home of varieties. In Bordeaux, where the first variety gets noticed, it is known under the synonym Pressac .
Other common synonyms for Malbec include Agreste, Auxerrois, Auxerrois De Laquenexy, Auxerrois Des Moines From Picpus Auxerrois Du Mans, Balouzat, Beran, White From Kientzheim, Cahors, Calarin, cauli Costa Rosa, Cot A Green Tail, Red Dimension, Black Sweet, Estrangey, Gourdaux, Grelot From Tours, Grifforin, Guillan, Hourcat, Jacobain, Luckens, Breast, Malbek, Black Medoc, Mouranne, Navarien, Negro De Prà © chac, Negrera, Black Chartres, Black From soft black pressac, Nyar From Presak, Parde, PÃÆ' © rigord, De Partridge Foot, Black Foot, Foot Red Foot Piperdy Rouget, Plant Of Arles, Plant Of Meraou, Plant Of King preached, Pressac Prunieral, Quercy, Tail Red keel From Coy, Romieu, Teinturin, Terranis, Vesparo, Coast, Plant of the Lot.
See also
- Malbec World Day
- Wine Cahors
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments