Monopoly is a board game where players throw two six-sided dice to move around the board, buy and trade property, and expand it with homes and hotels. Players collect rents from their opponents, with the aim of pushing them into bankruptcy. Money can also be earned or lost through Chance and Community Chest cards, and tax boxes; players can end up in jail, which they can not move until they meet one of several conditions. The game has many home rules and hundreds of different editions exist, in addition to many spin-offs and related media; Monopoly has become a part of popular international culture, has been licensed locally in over 103 countries and printed in over thirty seven languages.
The monopoly comes from The Landlord's Game, created by Elizabeth Magie in the United States in 1903 as a way to show that an economy that values ​​wealth creation is better than one in which a monopoly works under some obstacles and to promote Henry George's economic theory and especially his ideas on taxation. It was first published by Parker Brothers in 1935. The game is named after the economic concept of monopoly - the dominance of the market by a single entity. Owned and produced by game companies and Hasbro America.
Video Monopoly (game)
Histori
Sejarah awal
The history of Monopoly can be traced back to 1903, when an American anti-monopoly Elizabeth Magie created a game in which he hoped to explain Henry George's single tax theory. It is intended as an educational tool to illustrate the negative aspects of land concentration in private monopolies. Magie took the patent in 1904. His game, Landlord Game , was published in person, beginning in 1906.
A series of variant board games based on the concept developed from 1906 to 1930s involving the process of purchasing land for its development, as well as the sale of undeveloped property. Home carton is added and the rental price increases when added. Magie again patented the game in 1923.
According to an ad placed at Christian Science Monitor Charles Todd of Philadelphia recalls the day in 1932 when his childhood friend Esther Jones and her husband Charles Darrow came to their house for dinner. After the meal, Todds introduced Darrow to The Landlord's Game, which they played several times together. At that point the game was completely new to Darrow, and he asked Todds for a set of written rules. After that night, Darrow went on to utilize this by distributing the game itself as Monopoly - an act that Todds refused to talk to Darrow again.
After Darrow had excellent sales during the Christmas season of 1934, Parker Brothers bought game copyright from Darrow. Upon discovering Darrow was not the sole inventor of the game, Parker purchased Magie's patents.
Origin
In 1933, the variations on Landlord Game called Monopoly were the basis of board games that were later sold by Parker Brothers. It was first sold by Parker Brothers beginning on February 6, 1935. Some people, especially in the central western United States and near the East Coast, contribute to the design and evolution of the game, and this is when the game design takes 4ÃÆ'â € "10 space layouts -to-side and known cards are produced. Cartoonist F. O. Alexander is credited with creating "Go to Jail" Officer Edgar Mallory, Jake the Jailbird, and Milburn Pennybags mascot character. U. S. US patent number 2026082 A was issued to Charles Darrow on December 31, 1935 for game board design and assigned to Parker Brothers Inc. The original version of the game in this format is based on the streets of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
1936-1970
In 1936, Parker Brothers began licensing games for sale outside the United States. In 1941, the British Secret Intelligence Service had John Waddington Ltd., a licensed manufacturer of games in England, making a special edition for World War II prisoners of war held by the Nazis. Hidden inside this game are maps, compasses, real money, and other useful things to escape. They are distributed to custody by a fake charity group created by the British secret service.
1970s-80s
Professor of economics Ralph Anspach published the Anti-Monopoly game in 1973, and was sued for trademark infringement by Parker Brothers in 1974. The case was heard in 1976. Anspach won on appeal in 1979, as the date 9 The Circuit Court determines that the trademark of Monopoly is generic, and therefore unenforceable. The United States Supreme Court refused to hear the case, allowing the appeal court's decision to stand. This decision was overturned by the passage of Public Law 98-620 in 1984. Under applicable law, Parker Brothers and its parent company, Hasbro, continue to hold a legitimate trademark for the game Monopoly . However, Anti-Monopoly is exempt from law and Anspach then reaches completion with Hasbro and markets its game under license from them.
Anspach's research during the litigation process is what helped bring the game's history before Charles Darrow into the spotlight.
Hasbro Ownership
In 1991, Hasbro acquired Parker Bros. and thus Monopoly . Prior to the acquisition of Hasbro, Parker Bros. acting as publisher only publish two versions at once, regular and luxurious. Thus Hasbro moved to create and license other versions and involve the public in various games. A new wave of licensed products began in 1994, when Hasbro licensed USAopoly to begin publishing the San Diego Monopoly Edition, which has since been followed by over a hundred license holders including Winning Moves Games (since 1995) and Winning Solutions, Inc. (since 2000) in the United States.
In 2003, the company held a national tournament with a chartered train going from Chicago to Atlantic City (see ç§ US National Championships). Also in 2003, Hasbro sued the maker of Ghettopoly and won. In 2005, the company sued RADGames for their matching Super Add-On accessory board game in the center of the board. In January 2017, Hasbro invited internet users to select a new set of games, with this new regular edition to be published in March 2017.
Maps Monopoly (game)
Board
The game board Monopoly consists of forty spaces containing twenty-eight properties - twenty-two streets (grouped into eight color groups), four railway lines, and two utilities - three Chance spaces, three Community Chest spaces , Luxury Tax Room, Income Tax Room, and four corner boxes: GO, (In) Jail/Just Visit, Free Parking, and Go to Jail.
US. version
There have been some changes to the board since the original. Not all Chance and Community Chest cards printed in the 1935 patent are used in editions beginning 1936/1937 onwards, and graphs with Mr. Monopoly (later known as "Uncle Pennybags Kaya") was added in the same time-frame. A chart containing a chest containing chests is added to the Generous Society space, just like the average purchase price of all properties. Traditionally, the Community Dada card is yellow (though sometimes printed in blue) with no ornament or text on the back, and Chance cards are orange, so are no text or decoration on the back.
Hasbro commissioned a major graphic redesign into the US Standard Edition of the game in 2008, with some minor revisions. Among the changes: Mediterranean colors and Baltic Avenues (which change from purple to brown), the square color of GO (which turns from red to black), the adoption of a fixed $ 200 Income Tax (formerly a player choice of $ 200 or 10% of their total holdings , which they can not count until after making their final decision); initially the amount was $ 300 but changed one year after the game debut, and increased $ 100 Luxury Tax (increased from $ 75). There are also changes to Chance and Community Chest cards; for example, "bad tax" and "grand opening" cards to "speeding" and "your birthday", respectively; although the effect remains the same, and players have to pay only $ 50 instead of $ 150 for school taxes. In addition, a player now earns $ 50 instead of $ 45 for stock sales, and Advance to Illinois Avenue cards now have additional text on players who collect $ 200 if they pass Go on the way there.
All Chance and Community Chest cards received improved graphics in 2008 as part of a graphical refresher of the game. The classical illustrations of the Monopoly line are also now usually replaced by 3D model rendering. Monopoly. The back of the card has its own symbol, with a blue Community Chest card, and an orange Chance card.
In the US version shown below, the property is named after a location in (or near) Atlantic City, New Jersey. Atlantic Avenue Illinois Avenue was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in the 1980s. St. Charles Place is no longer there, because Showboat Casino Hotel is now dead developed in a place that once existed.
There are various versions that have since been created based on current consumer interests such as: Dogopoly , Catopoly , Bugopoly , and various TV/movie versions among others.
Marvin Gardens, the farthest yellow property, is a misspelling of its original name, Marven Gardens . The spelling mistakes were introduced by Charles and Olive Todd, who taught the game to Charles Darrow, and continued on when their own monopoly Monopoly was copied by Darrow and then to the Parker Brothers. The Todds also transforms Atlantic City Quaker 'Arctic Avenue to the Mediterranean, and shortens the Shore Fast Line to the Short Line. New in 1995 Parker Brothers admitted the spelling error of Marvin Gardens , officially apologizing to residents of Marven Gardens.
Short Line refers to the Shore Fast Line, a tram line that serves Atlantic City. B & amp; O Railroad does not serve Atlantic City. A small book included with the print edition of 1935 states that the four railroads serving the Atlantic City in the mid-1930s were the Jersey Center, the Coastline of the Sea, the Reading Train, and the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The Baltimore & amp; Ohio (now part of CSX) is the parent of Reading. There is a tunnel in Philadelphia where the track to the south is B. & amp; O. and trace north is Reading. The Central of NJ has no path to Atlantic City but is the daughter of Reading (and grandson of B. & amp; O.) The track they ran from the New York City area to Delaware Bay and several trains run in Reading- a controlled path to Atlantic City.
The "Power Company" and "Water Works" that actually serve the city are Atlantic City Electric Company (a subsidiary of Pepco Holdings) and the Atlantic City City Utility Authority.
English version
In the 1930s, John Waddington Ltd. (Waddingtons) is a printing company from Leeds that began to develop into the packaging and production of playing cards. Waddingtons has sent a Lexicon card game to Parker Brothers hoping to attract their interest in publishing games in the United States. In the same way, Parker Brothers sent a copy of Monopoly to Waddingtons in early 1935 before the game was put into production in the United States.
Waddingtons managing director Victor Watson gave the game to his son Norman (who is the head of the card division) to test him over the weekend. Norman was impressed by the game and persuaded his father to call Parker Brothers on Monday morning - the transatlantic call then became almost unheard of. This call resulted in Waddingtons obtaining a license to produce and market games outside the United States. Watson felt that in order for the match to be successful in England, the American location had to be replaced, so Victor and his secretary, Marjory Phillips, went to London to find a location. Angel, Islington is not a street in London but a building (and the name of the crossroads where it is located). It is a training lodge that stands on Jalan Besar Utara. In the 1930s, the inn had become J. Lyons and Co. tea room. (today The Co-operative Bank). Some accounts say that Marjory and Victor meet at Angel to discuss the election and celebrate the facts by putting it on the monopoly board. In 2003, a plaque to commemorate the naming was unveiled on the site by Victor Watson's grandson, also named Victor.
During World War II, the British Secret Service called Waddington (who could also print on silk) to create a Monopoly set that included escape maps, money, compass and files, all hidden in game copies sent by the agency charity POW fake aid for prisoners of war.
The standard English board, produced by Waddingtons, has for many years been the most familiar version for people in Commonwealth countries (except Canada, where the US edition with Atlantic City's regional names is reprinted), despite local variants of the council is now also found in some of these countries.
In 1998, Winning Moves acquired the Hasbro's Monopoly license and created a new regional and municipal edition in the UK with a sponsored box. Initially, in December 1998, the game was sold only in some W H Smith stores, but the demand was high, with nearly fifty thousand games sent in four weeks before Christmas. Winning Moves still produces new city and regional editions every year.
The original income tax option of the US council of the 1930s was replaced with a flat rate on the UK board, and the $ 75 Luxury Tax Room was replaced with the Super Tax £ 100 space, similar to the current German council. In 2008, the US Edition was changed to match the UK and various European editions, including a fixed $ 200 Income Tax rate and a $ 100 Luxury Tax increase.
In the case where the game was produced under license by a national company, Â £ (pound) was replaced by a $ (dollar) sign, but the name of the place did not change.
Post-2005 variation
Starting in the UK in 2005, an updated version of the game, titled Monopoly Here and Now , was produced, replacing the game scenario, property and token with a newer equivalent. Similar boards are produced for Germany and France. This first edition variant appears with a Visa debit card that takes the cash spot - the next "Banking Electronics" edition of the US has an unbranded debit card.
The success of the first edition of Here and Now caused Hasbro US to allow online voting for twenty-six landmark properties across the United States to take place along the board of the game. The popularity of this poll, in turn, leads to the creation of similar websites, and the secondary game boards per popular vote to be made in the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and other countries.
In 2006, Winning Moves Games released Mega Edition , with 30% more board games and revised game play. Other streets from Atlantic City (eight, one per color group) are included, along with a third "utility", the Gas Company. In addition, the $ 1,000 banknotes (first seen in Winning Moves' Monopoly: Card Game ) are included. Game play more changed with bus tickets (allowing non-dice movements along one side of the board), dead speed (adopted by itself into a variant of the standard edition of Atlantic City ; see below), skyscrapers ( after house and hotel), and train depot that can be placed in Railroad space.
This edition was adapted for the UK market in 2007, and sold by Winning Moves U.K. After the initial US release, criticism of some rules caused the company to issue revisions and clarifications on their website.
Monopoly Here and Now
In September 2006, the US edition of Monopoly Here and Now was released. This edition features the top landmarks across the US. Property was decided by voice over the Internet in the spring of 2006.
The monetary values ​​multiplied by 10,000 (for example, a person collects $ 2,000,000 instead of $ 200 to hand over GO and pay that much for the Income Tax (or 10% of the total, since this edition was launched before 2008), each player starting with $ 15,000,000 instead of $ 1,500, etc.). In addition, Chance and Community Chest cards are updated, Trains replaced by Airports (Chicago O'Hare, Los Angeles International, JFK New York City, and Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson), and Utilities (Electricity and Water Works Company) are superseded by Providers Service (Internet Service Provider and Mobile Phone Service Provider). The houses and hotels are blue and silver, not green and red as in most editions of the Monopoly . The Council uses a traditional US layout; the cheapest properties of purple, not brown, and "Interest on Credit Card Debt" replacing the "Luxury Tax". Although the Luxury Tax room is updated, and the Income Tax room no longer uses the 10% option, this edition uses the monopoly banknotes instead of the electronic banking units such as Here and Now World Edition , a similar edition of Monopoly , Electronic Banking edition , featuring electronic banking and bank card units, and different token sets. Both Here and Now and Electronic Banking show an updated token set of Atlantic City editions.
It is also important that three states (California, Florida and Texas) are represented by two cities respectively (Los Angeles and San Francisco, Miami and Orlando, and Dallas and Houston respectively). No other country is represented by more than one city (not including airports). One of the landmarks, Texas Stadium, has been destroyed and no more. Another landmark, Jacobs Field, still existed, but was renamed to Progressive Field in 2008.
In 2015, in honor of the 80th anniversary of the game, Hasbro held an online poll to determine which city will make it the latest version of Here and Now edition of this game. This second edition is more of a spin-off because the winning conditions have changed to finish your passport, not to bankrupt your opponent. Community Chest is replaced with Here and Now cards while Here and Now space replaces the railroad tracks. Homes and hotels have been removed.
Hasbro released the World edition with the top picking cities from around the world, as well as at least Here & amp; Now an edition with selected US cities.
Empire Monopoly
Monopoly Empire has unique tokens and branded places based on popular brands. Instead of buying property, players buy popular brands one by one and slide their billboards into their Empire towers. Instead of building houses and hotels, players collect rent from their rivals based on the height of their towers. A player wins by becoming the first player to fill the tower with a billboard. Every space on the board is a brand name, including Xbox, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, and Samsung.
Monopoli Token Madness
This version of Monopoly contains an additional 6 "gold" token. That includes penguins, televisions, race cars, emoji Mr. Monopoly, rubber ducks, watches, wheels and rabbit shoes.
Monopoli Jackpot
During the game, players travel around the board game purchase property and collect the rent. But when they land in the opportunity chamber, or throw an opportunity icon on the dice, they can spinner the Chance to try to make more money. Players can get "Jackpot", go bankrupt, or sent to Jail. The player who has the most cash when the bank crashes wins.
Monopoli: Ultimate Banking Edition
In this version, there is no cash. Game Monopoly Ultimate Banking features cutting-edge electronic banking with touch technology. Now players can directly buy the property, and arrange the rent by tapping. Each player gets a bank card and the Ultimate Banking section keeps track of everyone's money. It also scans game property cards and can increase or destroy the market. The game introduces an Event card and a Location room, not a Chance card and a Community Chest card. Landing in the Events Room, and rentals can be raised or lowered, players can earn or lose money, or someone can be sent to Jail. Space Location allows players to pay and move to any property space on the board.
Tools
All property, home and hotel deeds are held by the bank until purchased by players. A standard set of Monopolies includes:
Card
A stack of thirty-two Chance and Community Chest cards (sixteen Opportunities and Sixteen Community Crates) that players play when they land on the appropriate box on the track, and follow the instructions printed on them.
Actions
A title deed for each property is given to players to signify ownership, and determine the purchase price, mortgage value, cost of building houses and hotels on the property, and various rental rates depending on how the property develops. Properties include:
- Twenty-two streets, divided into eight color groups of two or three paths; a player must have all the color groups to build a house or hotel. Once achieved, the color group properties must be upgraded or "split" evenly. See the section on Rules.
- Four railroads, players collect $ 25 if they have one train; $ 50 for two; $ 100 for three; $ 200 for all four. These are usually replaced by rail stations in the non-US edition of Monopoly.
- Two utilities, rent is four times the value of the dice if one utility is owned, but ten times if both are owned. Hotels and homes can not be built on utilities or stations. Some editions of the state have a fixed lease for utilities; for example, the Italian edition has a lease of L. 2,000 ($ 20) if one utility is owned, or L. 10,000 ($ 100) if both are owned.
The purchase price for various properties varies from $ 60 to $ 400 on a set of US Standard Edition.
Dice
A pair of six-sided dice, with "Speed ​​Die" added for variation in 2007. The 1999 Millennium Edition featured two gem-like dies that were the subject of a lawsuit from Michael Bowling, owner of Crystal Caste dice maker. Hasbro lost the lawsuit in 2008 and had to pay a royalty of $ 446,182. The next print of the game is returned to the normal six-sided dice.
Home and hotel
32 homes and 12 hotels made of wood or plastic (original and currently Deluxe Edition have wooden houses and hotels; "bases" currently using plastic buildings). Unlike money, homes and hotels have limited supply. If nothing else is available, no replacements are allowed. In most editions, the house is a green and red hotel.
Money
The older US standard edition of the game includes a total of $ 15,140 in the following denominations:
- 20 $ 500 bill (orange)
- 20 $ 100 bills (beige)
- 30 $ 50 bill (blue)
- 50 $ 20 bill (green)
- 40 $ 10 bill (yellow)
- 40 $ 5 bill (pink)
- 40 $ 1 invoice (white)
New (September 2008 and later) US editions provide a total of $ 20,580 -30 of each denomination. The color of some bills has also changed: $ 10 is now blue instead of yellow, $ 20 is a brighter green than before, and $ 50 is now purple instead of blue.
Each player starts the game with his tokens on the Go square, and $ 1,500 (or 1,500 local currency) in play money (2,500 with Speed ​​Die). Before September 2008, the money was divided by 20 and 10 dollars more. Since then, the US version has taken the initial English version of the money distribution.
Although the US version is indicated as allowing eight players, the above money distribution is not possible with all eight players as it requires 32 $ 100 bills and 40 $ 1 bills. However, the amount of money contained in this game is enough for eight players with little change in the distribution of bills.
International currency
The German pre-Euro edition of the game started with 30,000 "Spielmarks" in eight denominations (abbreviated as "M."), and then used seven denominations "Deutsche Mark" ("DM."). In the classic Italian game, each player receives L. 350,000 ($ 3500) in a two-player game, but L. 50,000 ($ 500) less for each player over two. Only in the six player game does the player receive the equivalent of $ 1,500. Classic Italian games are played with only four currency denominations. Both Spanish editions (Barcelona and Madrid editions) start the game with 150,000 in play money, with details that are identical to the American version.
Extra currency
According to Parker Brothers rules, Monopoly money is theoretically unlimited; if the bank runs out of money, can spend as much as needed "just by writing on plain paper". However, Hasbro's Monopoly rule does not mention this. Extra banknotes can be purchased at specific locations, especially game and hobby stores, or downloaded from various websites and printed and hand-picked. One of these sites has made $ 1,000 bills; while the $ 1,000 bill can be found at Monopoly: The Mega Edition and Monopoly: The Card Game both published by Winning Moves Games, this record is not the standard denomination for the Monopoly version of "Monopoly: The Mega Edition" and Monopoly: The Mega Edition classic.
Electronic banking
In some countries there is also a game version featuring electronic banking. Instead of receiving paper money, each player receives a plastic bank card inserted into an electronic device such as a calculator that tracks the balance of players.
Tokens
Classic
Each player is represented by a small metal or plastic token that is moved around the edges of the board corresponding to a roll of two six sided dice. The token numbers (and token itself) have changed over the history of the game with many appearing in special editions only, and some are available with non-game purchases. After printing with wooden tokens in 1937, a set of eight tokens was introduced: Two more were added in late 1937, tokens changed again in 1942. During World War II, game tokens were diverted back to the wood. Localized local editions (including some Canadian editions, which use the US board layout) do not include pewter tokens but have generic wooden pics identical to those in Sorry! . Many of the early tokens were created by companies such as the Dowst Miniature Toy Company, which made metal charms and tokens designed for use on charm bracelets. Warships and cannons were also used briefly in the war game Parker Brothers Conflict (released in 1940), but after the game failed in the market, the forged pieces were recycled into Monopoly usage. In 1943, there were ten tokens that included Battleship, Boot, Cannon, Horse and rider, Iron, Racecar, Scottie Dog, Thimble, Top Hat, and Thrust Cart. This token will remain the same until the late 1990s, when Parker Brothers was sold to Hasbro.
In 1998, Hasbro's advertising campaign asked the public to vote on new games to be added to the filming location. The candidates are a "money bag", a bi-plane, and a piggy bank. The bag eventually won 51 percent of the vote compared to the other two that failed to reach above 30%. This new token was added to the set in 1999 which brings the total number of tokens to eleven. Another campaign poll for the new token vote of 1998 asked people what their monopoly token was. The most popular are Car Racing at 18% followed by Dog (16%), Cannon (14%) and Top Hat (10%). The most unpopular in the poll is the Cart Cart in 3% followed by Thimble (7%) and Iron (7%). The "Cannon", and "Horse and rider" both retired in 2000 without a new token taking their place. Another retirement came in 2007 with a sack of money that lowered the total token to 8 again.
In 2013, a similar promotional campaign launched encourages people to choose one of several new tokens to replace existing ones. The choices are guitar, diamond ring, helicopter, robot, and cat. The new campaign is different from the one in 1998 because one part has been retired and replaced with a new one. Both were voted through a vote running on Facebook from January 8 to February 5, 2013 in which the cat received the top spot with 31% of the vote over the replaced iron. In January 2017, Hasbro placed a token line in the regular edition for another voice that included a total of 64 options. The eight tokens that can be played at that time include Battleship, Boot, Cat, Racecar, Scottie Dog, Thimble, Top hat, and Thrust Cart. On March 17, 2017, Hasbro stopped three tokens that included thimble, wheelbarrow, and shoes, these were replaced by penguins, Tyrannosaurus and rubber ducks.
Special edition
Hasbro over the years has released tokens for special editions or collectors of the game. One of the first token out including Steam Locomotive is only released in the Deluxe Edition. The figure of "Chair Director" was released in 2011 in a limited edition Under the Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story . Not long after Facebook's voting campaign in 2013, a limited edition Golden Token set was released exclusively at various national retailers, such as Target in the US, and Tesco in the UK. The set contains Battleship, Boot, Iron, Racecar, Scottie Dog, Thimble, Top Hat, and Wheelbarrow and potential replacement iron. These replacement tokens include cats, guitars, diamond rings, helicopters, and robots. Hasbro released 64 limited token editions set in 2017 called the "Monopoly Signature Token Collection" to include all unelected candidates in the polls held that year.
Rules
Official rules
Players take turns in sequence, with the starting players determined by chance before the game. The typical turn begins with rolling the dice and advancing a clockwise piece around the appropriate number board. If a player rolls double, he rolls over again after completing his turn. A player who rolls three successive sets of sets in one turn has been "caught speeding" and is immediately sent to jail instead of moving the number shown on the dice for the third roll.
Players who landed or passed through the Go room collected $ 200 from the bank. Players who land both the Income Tax or the Luxury Tax pay the amount indicated to the bank. In older game editions, two options are granted for Income Tax: pay a flat fee of $ 200 or 10% of total net worth (including the current value of all property and buildings owned), but no calculations can be made before the option , and no latitude is given to invert unwise calculations. In 2008, the calculation option was removed from the official rules, and at the same time the Luxury Tax was increased to $ 100 from the original $ 75. No reward or penalty was given for landing on the Free Parking.
Properties can only be developed after a player has all the properties in that color group, and then should be developed evenly. A house must be built on each property with that color before one second can be built. Each property in a group must be within one home level of all the others in that group.
Chance/Community Chest
If a player lands in a Chance or Community Chest room, they pull the top card from their respective deck and follow the instructions. This may include collecting or paying money to a bank or other player, or moving to a different room on the board. Two types of cards involving prison, "Go to Jail" and "Get Out of Jail Free" are described below.
Jail
A player is sent to prison for doing the following:
- Landing directly on "Go to Jail"
- Throw three times in a row in a loop
- Draw a "Go to Jail" card from Chance or Community Chest
When a player is sent to prison, they move directly into the Jail room and their turn ends ("Do not go by Do not collect $ 200."). If the usual roll of dice (not one of the above events) ends with the player token in the corner of Prison, they "Just Visiting" and can move forward in the next turn without penalizing.
If a player is imprisoned, they do not take normal turn and have to pay a $ 50 fine to be released, use a Chance or Community Chest card Get Out of Jail Free, or try to roll double on the dice. If a player fails to double, they lose their turn. Failed to double-roll in three consecutive rounds requires players to pay a $ 50 fine or use a Get Out of Jail Free card, after which they move forward according to the amount rolled out. The player in the prison may not buy property directly from the bank, because it can not move, but can involve all other transactions, such as mortgage property, selling/buying property to other players, buying/selling homes and hotels, collecting rent, and bidding on auction property. A player who rolls double to leave prison does not roll over; however, if players pay a fine or use a card to get out and then roll out a duplicate, they take a turn again.
Properties
If players land on properties that are not owned, be it roads, trains, or utilities, they can buy the property at their registered purchase price. If they refuse this purchase, the property is auctioned by the bank to the highest bidder, including players who refuse to buy. If the landed property is already owned and not pawned, they must pay to the owner the lease given, the price depends on whether the property is part of a set or its developmental level.
When a player has all the properties in the color group and nothing is mortgaged, they can expand it during their turn or among other players' turn. Development involves purchasing a miniature house or hotel from a bank and placing it in the property space, and should be uniform across the group. That is, the second house can not be built on any property in a group until it has one house. Once a player has an entire group, they can collect double rent for each undeveloped property in it. Although homes and hotels can not be built on rail or utility trains, the rents provided also increase if a player has more than one type. If there is more demand for a house to be built than it is left in the bank, then a housing auction is done to determine who will buy each house.
Mortgaging
The property can also be mortgaged, although all developments in the monopoly must be sold before the color property can be mortgaged or traded. The player receives money from the bank for each mortgaged property (half of the purchase price), which must be repaid at 10% interest to the unmortgage. Homes and hotels can be sold back to the bank with half their purchase price. Players can not collect rent on the mortgaged property and can not provide upgraded property to others; however, trade in mortgaged property is permitted. The player receiving the mortgaged property must immediately cancel it for the mortgage price plus 10%, or pay the bank only 10% and keep the mortgaged property; if the player chooses the latter, they still have to pay 10% more if the property is not unmortgaged.
Bankruptcy
A player who can not pay his debts goes bankrupt and gets knocked out of the game. If a bankrupt player owes the bank, they must submit all their assets to the bank, which then auction off their property (if any), except the building. If the debt is in exchange for another player, all assets are given to the opponent, except the building must be returned to the bank, and the new owner must pay the bank not to mortgage any property received or pay a fee of 10% of the mortgaged value to the bank if they choose to leave the mortgaged property. The winner is the remaining players remaining after the other goes bankrupt.
If a player runs out of money but still has assets that can be converted into cash, they can do so by selling buildings, mortgage properties, or trading with other players. To avoid bankruptcy, players must be able to raise enough money to pay the full amount of debt.
A player can not choose to go bankrupt; if there is a way to repay their debts, even in returning all their buildings with a loss, mortgaging all their real estate and handing over all their money and definitely going broke the next time they have to pay something, they must do it.
Official Game Rules
From 1936, the rule booklet included with each Monopoly set contains a short section at the end that provides rules for making shorter games, including handling 2 Deed Title cards for each player before starting the game, by setting a time limit or by ending the game after the player both bankrupt. The final version of the rule includes this variant, along with game timeout, in the main rule booklet, omitting the last, second bankruptcy method, as the third short game.
House rules
Many home rules have emerged for the game since its creation. Famous is the "Jackpot Free Parking Rules", where all the money collected from the Income Tax, Luxury Tax, Chance and Community Chest goes to the non-bank board center. Many people add $ 500 to start every pile of Free Parking money, guaranteeing minimum payment. When a player lands on a Free Parking, they can take the money. Another rule is that if players landed directly on the Go, they collect double the amount, or $ 400 instead of $ 200. A home rule that slows or prevents the money being returned to the bank in this way may have the side effect of increasing the time it takes for the player to become bankrupt, extend the game away, as well as reduce the effects of wise strategies and investments.
A version of the video game and computer game Monopoly has an option where popular home rules can be used. By 2014, Hasbro determined five popular house rules based on Facebook's public voice, and released the "House Rules edition" of board games. Selected rules include "Free Parking" rules with no extra money and force players to cross the board once before buying a property.
Strategy
According to Jim Slater at The Mayfair Set , the Orange property group is the best to have because players use them more often, as a result of Chance Go to Jail to St. Charles Place (Pall Mall) , Go to Reading Railroad and Go Back Three Spaces .
Overall, during game play, Illinois Avenue (Trafalgar Square), New York Avenue (Vine Street), B & O Railroad (Fenchurch Street Station), and Reading Railroad (Kings Cross Station) are the most frequent landed properties. Mediterranean Avenue, Baltic Avenue, Park Place (Park Lane), and Oriental Avenue (The Angel Islington) are the most rarely landed properties. Among property groups, Railways most often land, because no other group has four properties; Orange has the next highest frequency, followed by Red.
End the game
One of the common criticisms of Monopoly is that although it has carefully defined termination terms, it may take an unlimited amount of time to reach them. Edward P. Parker, former president of Parker Brothers, was quoted as saying: "We always feel that forty-five minutes is the right time for the game but Monopoly can take hours. somewhere In your Monopoly you keep going
Hasbro stated that the longest played game Monopoly has played 1,680 hours (70 days or 10 weeks or 2.3 months).
Related games
Add-on
Many add-ons have been created for Monopoly , sold separately from games prior to commercialization and thereafter, with three officially discussed below:
Stock Exchange
Original plugin Stock Exchange published by Capitol Novelty Co. from Rensselaer, New York in early 1936. Marketed as an add-on for Monopoly , Finance , or Easy Money games. Shortly after Capitol Novelty introduced the Stock Exchange, Parker Brothers bought it from them and then marketed their own slightly redesigned version, in addition to their new "Monopoly" game; the Parker Brothers version was available in June 1936. The Free Parking Field is covered by the new Stock Exchange space and additions including three Opportunities and three Community Chest cards directing players to "Advance to Stock Exchange". The Stock Exchange add-on was then redesigned and relaunched in 1992 under license by Chessex, this time including a large number of new Chance and Community Chest cards. This version includes ten new Chance cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and five other related cards) and eleven new Community Chest cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and six other related cards; your shares get $ 45 "removed from play when using this card). Many original rules apply to this new version (in fact, an optional play option makes it possible to play in its original form simply by adding a "Advanced to Exchange" card to each deck).
A Monopoly Stock Exchange Edition was released in 2001 (though not in the US), this time adding devices such as electronic calculators to track complex stock numbers. This is a full edition, not just an add-on, which comes with its own boards, money and game pieces. Properties on the board are replaced by companies where stocks can be floated, and offices and home offices (not homes and hotels) can be built.
Playmaster
Playmaster, another official add-on, released in 1982, is an electronic device that tracks all the movements of players and rolls of dice and what properties are still available. It then uses this information to call random auctions and mortgages so it's easier to free the cards from the color group. It also plays eight short tones when the game's main function occurs; for example when a player lands on a train, he plays "I Have Worked on a Railway", and a police car siren sounds when a player goes to Jail.
Exit from Jail and Free Parking Minigames
In 2009, Hasbro released two minigames that can be played as stand-alone games or combined with Game Monopoly. In Out of Prison , the goal is to manipulate the shovel under the prison cell in an attempt to regurgitate the various colored prisoners. This game can be used as an alternative to double scrolling to get out of jail. At Free Parking , players try to balance the cab on the shaky board. Add-on Free Parking can also be used with Monopoly games. When a player lands on a Free Parking, players can take Taxi Challenges, and if successful, can move into space on the board.
Death Speed ​​
First included in Winning Moves' Monopoly: The Mega Edition variant, the third die, these six sides are rolled out with the other two, and speed up game-play when in use. In 2007, Parker Brothers began releasing its standard version (also called Speed ​​Die Edition) from Monopoly with the same dice (originally blue, then red). His face is: 1, 2, 3, two sides "Mr. Monopoly", and a bus. The numbers behave as usual, adding two more dice, unless "triple" is rolled, in which case the player can move to the space on the board. If "Mr. Monopoly" is rolled out while there is an unfamiliar property, the player advances to the nearest future. Otherwise, the player will advance to the nearest property to which the lease is paid. In the Mega Edition, rolling the bus allows you to take regular dice steps, either taking a bus ticket or moving to the nearest picture card room. The mega rule specifies that triples do not count as a double to go to jail because you do not roll up anymore. Used in regular editions, the bus (correctly "off the bus") allows the player to only use one of the two dice anchored or the sum of both, so the 1, 5, and bus coils will let the player choose between moving 1, 5, or 6 space. The Speed ​​Die is used throughout the game in "Mega Edition", while in "Regular Edition" it is used by players who have passed the GO at least once. In this edition it remains optional, although the use of Speed ​​Die is made mandatory for use in 2009 US & amp; The World Monopoly Championships, as well as the 2015 World Championships.
Spin-off
Parker Brothers and its licensors have also sold several spin-offs of Monopoly . These are not add-ons, as they do not work in addition to Game monopoly, but only additional games in Monopoly sense:
- Boardwalk boardwalk (1985): Focusing primarily on building most hotels along the Boardwalk.
- Do Not Go to Jail : The original dice game released by Parker Brothers; scroll the dice combination to create a color group for points before playing "GO" "TO" and "JAIL" (which loses all points earned for turnover).
- Monopoly Express : A re-release of the fancy edition of Do not Go To Jail , replacing the dice with the dice "Officer Jones" and adding the die dies 11, amp; Hotel, and standalone & amp; dice game/amp; guard.
- Monopoly Express Card Games (1994 US, 1995 English): Released by Hasbro/Parker Brothers and Waddingtons in the UK, is now out of print. It's basically a home-style card game based on rating points by completing the color group sections of the game board.
- Free Parking card game (1988) More complex card games released by Parker Brothers, with some resemblance to the card game Mille Bornes . Use a card to add time to the parking meter, or spend time doing activities to earn points. Includes a stack of Second Chance cards that change the game further. Two editions are made; small differences in card art and Second Chance cards in each edition.
- Monopoly: The Card Game (2000) is the latest card game released by Winning Moves Games under license from Hasbro. Similar, but definitely more complex, games for card game Express Monopoly .
- City Monopoly : Game-play retains the same flavor but has been made significantly more complex in this version. Traditional properties were replaced by "districts" mapped to previously unused real estate in the center of the board.
- Monopoly Deal : The latest card game version Monopoly . Players are trying to complete three groups of properties by playing property, money & amp; event cards.
- Junior Monopoly board game (first published in 1990, some variations since): A simple version of the original game for children.
- Monopoly City by Parker Brothers/Hasbro (2008) a youth racing game designed to help them learn counting.
- The Mad Magazine Game (1979): Gameplay is similar, but its purpose and direction are often opposite to monopoly; the object is the player loses all their money.
Video games
In addition to many variants of the actual game (and Monopoly Junior spin-offs) released either in the form of video games or computer games (eg, Commodore 64, Macintosh, Windows-based PCs, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance , Nintendo Entertainment System, iPad, Genesis, Super NES, etc.), two spin-off computer games have been created. Electronic handheld versions marketed from 1997 to 2001.
- Monopoly : The iPhone game designed by Electronic Arts.
- Monopoly City Streets : The online version, using Google Maps and OpenStreetMap.
- Monopoly Millionaires : Facebook games designed by Playfish.
- Monopoly Streets : Video games are played for Xbox 360, Wii, and PlayStation 3. This video game includes the properties currently played on the road.
- Monopoly Tycoon : A game where players build businesses on properties they own.
- Monopoly Plus : Games for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 with high definition graphics.
Gambling games
Monopoly themed slot and lottery machines have been produced by WMS Gaming along with International Technology Games for land-based casinos. WagerWorks, which has online rights to Monopoly , has created an online themed game Monopoly .
The Gamesys group in London has also developed a gambling game themed Monopoly .
The UK's ITbox duck machine also supports trivia and game opportunities Monopoly, which, like most other itbox games, charges 50p (Ã, Â £ 0.50) to play and has a £ 20 jackpot.
There is also a live version, online Monopoly . Six taxis painted around London pick up passengers. When the taxi reached their final destination, the London area they were in was shown on the board online. This version takes longer to play than the monopoly board game, with one game for 24 hours. Results and positions are sent to players via e-mail at the end of the game.
Media
Commercial promotion
The McDonald's Monopoly game is a raffle of McDonald's and Hasbro promotions that have been offered in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania , Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
TV game show
A short game show Monopoly aired on Saturday night from June 16th till 1st September 1990 at ABC. The show was produced by Merv Griffin and guided by Mike Reilly. This event is paired with the Super Jeopardy summer tournament! , which also aired during this period on ABC.
From 2010 to 2014, The Hub aired the game show Family Game Night with Todd Newton. For the first two seasons, the team earned cash in the form of "Monopoly Crazy Cash Cards" from "Monopoly Crazy Cash Corner", which was later put into "Monopoly Crazy Cash Machine" at the end of the show. In addition, starting with Season 2, the team won the "Monopoly Party Packages" to win individual games. For Season 3, there is a Community Box. Every card in Mr. Monopoly has a combination of three colors. Then the team will use a combination card to unlock the crate. If it's the right combination, then they will advance to the Crazy Cash Machine for a new car. For the fourth season of the event, a new game was added called Monopoli Remix, featuring Park Place and Boardwalk, as well as the Income Tax and Luxury Tax.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the game, a game event in syndication on March 28, 2015 called Monopoly Millionaires' Club was launched, connected to a multi-state lottery game of the same name and hosted by comedian Billy Gardell of Mike & amp; Molly . The gaming performances are filmed in the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino and at Bally's Las Vegas in Las Vegas, with players having the opportunity to win up to $ 1,000,000. However, the game of the lottery linked to the game show (which provides the contestants) undergoes various complications and variations, and the show's performance aired last at the end of April 2016.
Movies
In November 2008, Ridley Scott was announced to direct the Universal Pictures movie version of the game, based on a script written by Pamela Pettler. The film is co-produced by Hasbro's Brian Goldner, as part of an agreement with Hasbro to develop films based on the company's line of toys and gaming. The story is being developed by author Frank Beddor. However, Universal eventually halted development in February 2012 and then voted out of the agreement and the rights were returned to Hasbro.
In October 2012, Hasbro announced a new partnership with production company Emmett/Furla Films, and they said they would develop a live action version of Monopoly, along with Action Man and Hungry Hungry Hippos. Emmett/Furla/Oasis came out of the production of this satirical version to be directed by Ridley Scott.
In July 2015, Hasbro announced that Lionsgate would be distributing the film Monopoly with Andrew Niccol writing the film as a family-friendly adventure action film co-financed and produced by Lionsgate and Hasbro's Allspark Pictures.
Documentary Films Under The Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story , which includes history and gamers, won the Audience Award for Best Documentary at the Anaheim International Film Festival 2010. The film was screened theatrically in the US starting March 2011 and released on Amazon and iTunes on February 14, 2012. The television version of the film won four Regional Emmy awards from the Pacific Southwest Chapter of NATAS. The film was directed by Kevin Tostado and narrated by Zachary Levi.
Tournament
AS. National Championship
Although in the past, US entrants had to successfully compete in regional competitions before the national championships, passing to the National Championships have been online since 2003. For the 2003 Championship, qualifying was limited to the first fifty people who completed the online quiz correctly. Due to concerns that such qualification methods may not always guarantee the best player competition, the 2009 Championship qualification is expanded to include online multiple choice quizzes (a score of 80% or better is needed to advance); followed by a five-essay online essay test; followed by a two-game online tournament at Pogo.com. The process is having produced a 23 plus one field: Matt McNally, the 2003 national champion, who received a bye and did not need to qualify. However, at the end of the online tournament, there is an eleven tie for the last six places. Decisions are made to invite everyone who is bound for the places mentioned. In fact, two of those who have been bound and will have been declared excluded, Dale Crabtree of Indianapolis, Indiana, and Brandon Baker, of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, played in the final game and finished third and fourth respectively.
The 2009 US National Championship was held on April 14-15 in Washington, DC In his first tournament, Richard Marinaccio, a lawyer from Sloan, New York (suburb of Buffalo), won on a field that included two previous champions to be crowned the US National Champion in 2009. In addition to the title, Marinaccio took home $ 20,580 - the amount of money in the bank of board games - and competed at the 2009 World Championships in Las Vegas, Nevada on 21-22 October, where he finished in third place.
By 2015, Hasbro uses competitions held only online to determine who will be the US representative to compete in the 2015 World Championship Monopoly . The players are interested in taking a twenty question quiz about Monopoly strategy and rules, and submitting a hundred words of essay on how to win a Monopoly tournament . Hasbro then selected Brian Valentine from Washington, D.C. to become a US representative.
World Championships
Hasbro performs Monopoly tournaments around the world. The first World Monopoly Championships took place at Grossinger's Resort in New York, in November 1973, but only in 1975 they included competitors from outside the United States. It has been aired in the US by ESPN In 2009, forty-one players competed for World Champion's Monopoly title and a cash prize of $ 20,580 (USD), which is the total amount of 'money monopoly' in Monopoly sets are currently used in tournaments. The latest World Championships take place in September 2015 in Macau. Italian player NicolÃÆ'² Falcone defeated defending champions and players from twenty-six other countries.
Variant
Since Monopoly evolved in the public domain before commercialization, Monopoly has seen many variations of the game. The game is licensed in 103 countries and printed in thirty seven languages. Most variants are exact copies of the Monopoly game with the street name replaced with local from a city, university, or specific fictitious place. National councils have been released as well. Over the years, many special editions of Monopoly, licensed by Parker Brothers/Hasbro, and produced by them, or their licensors (including USAopoly and Winning Moves Games) have been sold to local and national markets at the whole world. Two famous "families" such as games, without license from Parker Brothers/Hasbro, have also been produced.
Some published games are similar to Monopoly including:
- Anti-Monopoly , one of the few games that is a kind of backward monopoly. This game's name causes legal action between the makers of Anti-Monopoly , Ralph Anspach, and the owner of Monopoly .
- Business , games like Monopoly unrelated to Hasbro. In this version, the "property" to be bought is a city in India; Chance and Community Chest lists printed references in the center of the board, which are locked on a roll of dice; and money is represented by counters, not paper.
- Dostihy a sÃÆ'¡zky , a variant sold in Czechoslovakia. This game originated in the totalitarian communist era (1948-1989), when private business was banned and mortgages did not exist, so the monopoly theme was changed to the theme of the racetrack.
- Ghettopoly , released in 2003, was the subject of extraordinary anger after it was released. This game, which is intended to be a cute picture of ghetto life, is denounced as racist because of the relentless use of racial stereotypes. Hasbro searched for and received orders against the designer Ghettopoly .
- Create Yourself -OPOLY : This game lets players have considerable freedom inside
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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