Sports wag is activity predicting sports results and placing a bet on results. The frequency of sports betting varies by culture, with most bets placed on football associations, American soccer, basketball, baseball, hockey, cycling tracks, auto racing, mixed martial arts, and amateur and professional boxing. Sports bets can also be extended to non-athletic events, such as reality show contests and political elections, and non-human contests such as horse racing, greyhound racing, and illegal dog battles underground.
Sports bets place their bets legally, through sportsbooks, or illegally through privately-run companies called "bookies". The term "book" is a reference to books used by wagebrokers to track bets, payments, and debt. Many legal sportsbooks are found online, operated via the internet from separate jurisdictions from clients they serve, usually to obtain various gambling laws (such as the Unauthorized Internet Gambling Act in 2006 in the United States) in certain markets , such as Las Vegas, Nevada, or gambling gambling through self-service kiosks. They take bets "up front", which means the bidder must pay for a sportsbook before placing a bet. Illegal peddlers, because of the nature of their business, can operate literally anywhere but only need money from losing the bettor and do not need the bet money up front, creating a possible debt to the dealer from the boss. This creates a number of other criminal elements, thus promoting their illegality.
Sports betting has resulted in a number of sports scandals, affecting the integrity of sporting events through actions including point shaver (players affecting scores with lost shots), place settings (player actions corrected), bad calls from officials in major moments, and match settings overall (the overall result of the event is fixed). Examples include the 1919 World Series, alleged (and later admitted) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose, and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy.
Video Sports betting
Bets type
United States
- The Moneyline bet has no spread or defects, and requires the team selected to win the match directly. Preferable teams pay lower odds than those favored, therefore, they act primarily as an attraction to taking underdogs for better payouts. Sometimes a bettor can pair this type of bets on his favorite team to increase parlay payouts.
- Wagging bet is a bet made against a spread. Spreads, or lines, are numbers given by bookmakers who paralyze one team and support another when two teams play each other and one is considered more likely to win. The favorite "take" points from the final score and the "give" underdog points. This figure can also be a half-point increase (.5) although very few sports have a.5 (ie, The Ryder Cup) score
For example, before game 5 of the 2012 NBA Finals, the Miami Heat is expected to defeat the Oklahoma City Thunder. The line reads: Miami -3, Oklahoma City 3. To determine who wins against spreads, the line is added or subtracted from the team's final score.
In the example above, if a bettor chooses Miami, he will deduct 3 points from Miami's final score and compare it with Oklahoma City's final score. If taking Oklahoma City, he will add 3 points to Oklahoma City's final score.
For him to win the stakes, Miami must win the game with 4 points or more.
And if the bidder takes Oklahoma City, they have to win directly or lose less than 3 points.
If the final adjusted score is a tie, the bet is considered a boost. This is the most common type of bet in American sports betting.
- The Total Bet (Top/Bottom) is a bet made based on the total score between the two teams. For example, if the MLB game has a total of 10.5, the bettor will want the combined total to be larger, and vice versa for the bidder taking the bottom. If the combined total equals the total proposed, the stakes are a boost.
- Betting propositions are bets made on very specific game results that are not related to the final score, usually statistical. Examples include predicting the number of soccer player's goals in a Football Association match, betting whether a player will run for a certain number of yards in an American football game, or betting that a baseball player on one team will collect more hits than others. players on the opposing team.
- Parlays . Parlay involves many bets that reward successful bettors with greater payout only if all bets are in parlay wins. Parlay is at least two bets, but can be as much as allowed by the bet.
Possible payments from parlay are determined by the combined likelihood of all bets placed. A risky bet (more underdogs) will pay bigger than the more likely bids (more favorites).
- Teaser . Teaser is a parlay that gives you higher profits, but still positive, payments if successful.
The subscriber selects the sport (s), the number of games, and the number of points given.
If the bidder takes two NBA games at 6.5 it will adjust the individual bet at that level. So betting on a 3-point underdog at 3 will be a bet on 9.5 points, and for favorites, it will change your 3-point favorites at -3 to 3.5 points.
Although the rules for winning the stakes are the same as the parlay, he is paid less than the usual parlay due to an increased chance of winning.
- If betting . Bet if it consists of at least two straight bets put together by the if clause that determines the bet process. If the player's first choice matches the conditions (clause), then the second selection will have action; if the second option matches the conditions, then the third option will have action and so on.
- Run line, line, or wicket betting . These are bets offered as an alternative to moneyline bets in baseball, hockey, or football, respectively. This bet has a fixed point spread that adjusts payouts by handicap between the two teams. The larger the favored, the more winning bets on the delinquent will pay.
- Bets in the future . While all sports bets are determined based on future events, bets listed as "futures" generally have long-term horizons measured in weeks or months; for example, bet that certain NFL teams will win the Super Bowl for the upcoming season. Bets like that should be done before the season starts in September, and winning bets will not pay off until the conclusion of the Super Bowl in January or February (though many of the losing bets will be clear before then and can be closed by the book). Opportunities for such bets are generally expressed in the ratio of units paid to units at stake. The team at stake may be 50-1 to win the Super Bowl, meaning that the bet will pay 50 times the amount at stake if the team does. In general, most sportsbooks will prefer this type of wager because of the low winning probability, and also longer periods of time where the home holds player money when bets are delayed.
A sports book can choose to buy on-play bets at a price below the actual payment before the championship is decided if the potential payment is very high (and thus, damaging the sports book because money may be lost). The latest example of this is when Leicester City chased and won the 2015/16 Premier League.
- Head-to-Head . In this wager, bettors predict competitors' results against each other and not on the overall outcome of the event. One example is the Formula One race, where you bet on two or three racers and placement it among others. Sometimes you can also bet "tie", where one or both riders have the same time, exit, or disqualified.
- Totalizator . In totalalizator (sometimes called a flexible rate bet) the odds change in real-time according to the total exchange share of each result that may have been received taking into account the return rate of the bet offering the bet. For example: If the percentage bet is 90%, 90% of the amount placed on the winning result will be given back to the bidder and 10% go to the city. Of course, the more money you bet on a certain outcome, the less chance you have of that outcome. This is similar to parimutuel bets on horse racing and dog racing.
- Half a bet . Half (half-time) bet is only valid for first or second half scores. This bet may be placed on a spread (line) or over/under. It can also be applied to certain quarters in American football or basketball, fewer numbers in baseball, or a certain period in hockey.
- Playlists . Game bets are features offered by some online sports books that allow bettors to place new bets during sporting events, as if the defense would force field targets on the current drive or the baseball team scores in the current inning.
Maps Sports betting
Bookmaking
This bet serves as a market maker for sports betting, most of which have binary results: win or lose teams. Bets accept both bets, and maintain a (vibrant) spread that will ensure profits regardless of the bet. The Federal Wire Act of 1961 is an attempt by the US government to prevent making illegal bets. However, this Act does not apply to other types of online gambling. The Supreme Court has not yet decided on the meaning of the Federal Wire Act as it relates to online gambling.
Bets usually hold an 11-10 advantage over their customers - for a small bet it's closer to a 6-5 advantage - so the stakes are likely to last in the long run. Successful bets must be able to withstand large short-term losses. (Boyd, 1981)
Many of the leading betting gamblers from the 1930s through the 1960s got their start during the 1920s banning era. They are often descendants of immigrant influxes coming to the US at this time. Although the common stereotype is that the bookies are of Italian descent, many of the leading bookies are from Eastern European descent.
Odds
Opportunities for different results in single bets are presented in European format (odds decimal), UK format (fractional opportunity), or American format (moneyline opportunity). European format (odds decimal) is used in continental Europe, Canada and Australia. They are the full payment ratio for bets, in decimal format. Odds decimal 2.00 is an even bet. The UK format (fractional opportunity) is used by UK bookmakers. They are the ratio of the amount won for betting - the "/" solidus is pronounced "to" say 7/1 "seven to one". The possibility of a 1/1 fraction is an even bet. The US format opportunity is the amount won on 100 positive bets and the bets required to win 100 negative moments. Possible US 100 is an even bet.
In the Asian betting market, other formats are often used to express opportunities including Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Indonesian style of opportunity formats. Opportunities are also quite often expressed in terms of implied probabilities , which corresponds to the probability with which the event will need to occur for bets to be a break even (average) proposition.
Many online tools are also available for automatic conversion between these opportunity formats.
In determining the odds, the stakes are subject to a number of limitations:
- The probability implied by the odds must be greater than the actual probability for each possible outcome to ensure expected positive returns.
- If the bet on each result is made with a ratio to the implied chances, then the stakes are guaranteed profit (balance book).
Legality
In many countries, bets (professions accept sports betting) are regulated but not criminalized.
In areas where sports betting is illegal, bettors usually make their sports bets with betting makers (known as "bookies") and on the Internet, where thousands of online betting makers receive bets on sporting events around the world.
The National Football League is totally against any form of sports betting legalization, loudly protesting against damaging the game. On the other hand, the CEO of the International Cricket Council believes that sports betting, especially in India, should be legalized to limit illegal bookies in which match-fixing occurs from non-transparent people. Many of the illegal results are also alleged to go to fund terror, drugs and other illegal activities.
United States
In the United States, it is illegal to operate betting schemes in almost all countries from 1992 to 2018. The four states released from the ban are Nevada, Delaware, Montana and Oregon because they have legalized sports betting before the ban is applied. Of these countries, only Nevada has full-scale sports betting, with three other countries offering limited sports bets. The NCAA threatened to ban all playoff matches in Delaware if the country allowed a bet on college sports. New Jersey, also interested, is equally threatened.
The 2010 National PublicMind survey found that 67% of Americans did not support the legalization of internet betting websites in the United States, while 21% said they would support legalization.
In a national poll released in December 2011, PublicMind of Fairleigh Dickinson University asked voters whether they "support or oppose changing federal laws to allow sports betting" in their respective states. Just as many approved voters (42%) as opposed (42%) allow sports betting. However, voters who have lived in households where family members (including themselves) engage in sports betting have a much-favored sports betting (71% -23%), while voters in households where sports betting is not an activity, against legalization (46% -36%). Peter J. Woolley, professor of political science and poll directors commented on the findings, "Gambling has become, good or bad, national industry, and you can bet that politicians and casinos across the country follow the New Jersey plan."
In a different study released by PublicMind FDU in October 2011, research shows that New Jersey voters think legalizing sports betting in New Jersey is a good idea. Half of the New Jersey voters (52%) said they approved the idea of ​​legalizing sports betting in casinos and Atlantic City racetracks, 31% opposed it. In addition, there is a significant gender segregation: the majority of men approve the idea with a wide margin (65-21), while only 39% of women are approved and 41% are opposed. October results stabilized, reflecting an earlier poll in April 2011 in which New Jersey voters approved the legalized sports betting in the state with a 53% -30% margin. However, nearly two-thirds (66%) of voters are unaware of the state's upcoming referendum on the issue. Age proved to be a disintegration: voters between the ages of 18 and 34 were more likely to agree on sports betting than older voters. Dr. Woolley commented: "But... young voters... are much less likely to vote than other voters... As always, things depend on who really appears to vote."
In February 2011, PublicMind FDU released a poll showing that half (55%) of voters agreed "that people are betting on sporting events, so the government should allow it and impose taxes." On the other hand, about (37%) of New Jersey voters agree that betting on sports is "a bad idea because it promotes too much gambling and can damage sports." Again, with a significant margin (70% -26%), voters already involved in sports betting in office pools tend to be more supportive of legal sports betting than other voters.
Donald Hoover, FDU professor at the International School of Hospitality and Tourism Management and a former casino executive commented on the results, "Betting on sports is not an unusual practice for many New Jerseyers, but for the most part, the state does not supervise it, take any income away from it. "In 2010, a national poll showed that voters opposed sports betting in all states by a margin of 53-39. Woolley commented on the results, "If some countries allow sports betting and profit from it, other states will want to follow." But in December 2011, after New Jersey passed a sports betting referendum, the national size shifted to 42-42. In January 2012, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed a law allowing sports betting in the state after being approved in a non-binding referendum vote in 2011. He announced on May 24, 2012 that he plans to go ahead and set up a betting system in racetracks and the fallen state casinos, before the National Football League season ends.
In 2012, despite a federal law, New Jersey state legislature and Governor Chris Christie signed a law that would allow sports betting to take place on New Jersey racing tracks and Atlantic City casinos. In August 2012, PublicMind Fairleigh Dickinson University conducted research on this issue. Voters are asked whether New Jersey should allow sports betting even if federal laws prevent it from doing so, or wait to allow sports betting until federal law allows it. The results show that almost half (45%) of voters want to allow sports betting, while (38%) decide to wait and allow sports betting after Congress allows it. Krista Jenkins, director of the poll, commented, "Although support is not excessive, these figures show that the public is cautiously behind the goal to move forward with authorized sports betting."
In November 2014, a poll found that there was a major change in attitude towards sports betting in the United States, showing that 55% of Americans now love legal sports betting, while 66% of respondents agree that this should be governed by state law. , Unlike federal law. The poll also suggested that 33% of respondents disagreed with the idea of ​​legalization.
In June 2017, the United States Supreme Court announced that they would hear the New Jersey case, Murphy v. National Athletic Association Attribute , in the fall of 2017, contrary to US position. , Jeffrey Wall, who requested that the case be not heard in May 2017. In September 2017, a poll conducted by the Washington Post and the University of Massachusetts Lowell showed 55% of the majority of adults in the US agreed to legalize bets on pro sporting events. In May 2018, the Supreme Court ruled in a case in favor of New Jersey, which ruled that a federal ban in 1992 sports betting in most countries violates their rights. After the decision, several states, including New Jersey and Rhode Island, are preparing to legalize sports betting.
On June 5, 2018, Delaware became the second country after Nevada to apply full-scale sports betting. Sports betting in the state is run by the Delaware Lottery and is available in three state casinos. Prior to 2018, the country offered limited sports betting consisting of parlay bets on NFL games. Delaware has been granted a partial exception to the sports betting ban for having made a failed attempt at sports betting authorized in 1976.
On June 11, 2018, New Jersey became the third country to legalize sports betting, after Nevada and Delaware, with Governor Phil Murphy signing the law into law.
Additional states, Mississippi, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, began drafting rules in their respective gambling commissions to enable sports betting to continue in the near future.
The position of a professional American sports league
The positions of the four major American sports leagues (representing American soccer, baseball, basketball and ice hockey) have become more complex since their decision to embrace the daily fantasy sport (DFS) in 2014, described by them in the industry as " almost identical to the casino "in nature. Assuming critics that these activities blur the lines between gambling and fantasy sports, the endorsement of the four major sports leagues and many individual franchises provides a clear contrast to their position in the stakes.
While the National Basketball Association (NBA) was once active in preventing the relaxation of sports betting laws, current NBA Commissioner Adam Silver became the first major sports leader to break away from previous administrative opposition into gambling. In 2014 he stated in the New York Times op-ed, "I believe that sports betting should be brought out from the underground and into the sunlight where it can be monitored and managed appropriately." In 2017, with support for growing legalization, he reiterated his belief that "legalized sports betting is inevitable".
Major League Baseball (MLB) commissioner Rob Manfred has also advocated the league to change his stance on sports betting, with both Manfred and Silver noting that illegal sports betting scale makes the opposition a meaningless bet. He also expressed a willingness to "try to form" the future law at the federal level. This is noted in contrast to former MLB Commissioner Bud Selig, with Manfred surpassing his tacit consent and stated, "There are rumors out there in case people feel that there might be a chance here for additional legitimate sports betting."
The National Football League (NFL) remains the only sports league to defend public opposition against sports betting, but critics have noted that with the relocation of the Oakland Raiders to Las Vegas in 2019, the NFL has positioned itself for legalization, while simultaneously clashing the held position long ago that sports betting on the NFL market would lead to a potential match setting. Commissioner Roger Goodell agrees with Manfred in a July 2017 seminar that bets on games in the game, as opposed to the outcome, is a more suitable sport betting form.
The National Hockey League (NHL) has not yet declared a public position for or against sports betting, with Commissioner Gary Bettman noting that they are smaller than the NBA and the NFL and less vulnerable to negative problems as a result.
The American Gaming Association declared in June 2017 that a coalition would advocate the lifting of the United States sports betting ban.
In February 2018, lobbying documents emerged advocating a new position held by the NBA and MLB - that sports leagues should be financially compensated for betting activities.
Famous betting scandal
In 1919, the Chicago White Sox faced the Cincinnati Reds in the World Series. The series will be one of the greatest sports scandals of all time. Like the story, professional gambler Joseph Sullivan pays eight White Sox members (Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, Shoeless Joe Jackson, Fred McMullin, Charles Risberg, George Weaver, and Claude Williams) about 10,000 dollars each to improve the World Series. The eight players were banned from playing professional baseball for the rest of their lives. Pete Rose, the all-time MLB leader in hits, was also banned from playing baseball in 1989 for betting on matches when he was an MLB manager.
The rules against gambling in baseball are known as "Rule 21", posted publicly on the walls of the dugout and state: "Any player, referee, or club or league official or employee, who will bet any amount of money for any baseball game in respect of which the bidder has an obligation to commit must be declared permanently unqualified. "Persons permanently banned from Major League Baseball are also forever banned from entering the Baseball Hall of Fame, although most such people have been restored a few years later by the Baseball Commissioner next. For example, Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays were banned from playing in 1983 after taking a job as a casino greeter (who would kick them out of the Hall of Fame if allowed to stand); they were restored two years later. Only Rose has not been restored.
The 1906 gambling scandal between Massillon Tigers and Canton Bulldogs, the top two teams in American professional football in the early 1900s, resulted in the death of "big-money" professional football for several years. Modern research has suggested that betting claims are not proven.
On December 7, 1980 the San Francisco 49ers overcame a part-time deficit of 28 points in what was to be the biggest regular-season regular comeback win in the history of the regular NFL season. At the start of the third quarter, famous betting maker in Vegas, Frank Rosenthal, received a foreclosure notice from 246 San Francisco gamblers for a total of over $ 25,000 in a premature victory. Rosenthal was able to sustain this victory despite the end result of the game because of the gambling rules previously set by NAGRA.
The Cronje Affair is a South African-Cricket match-fixing scandal that was published in 2000. It started in 1996 when South African national cricket team captain Hansie Cronje was convinced by Mukesh "John" Gupta, a Indian cities, to hold matches during the Tests in Kanpur, India. The scheme was discovered when Delhi police recorded illegal transactions between Indian cities Sanjay Chawla and Cronje. According to Telegraph in 2010, Cronje has repaid a total of Ã, Â £ 65,000 from Gupta.
Corruption in tennis has long been considered a problem. In 2011, former world number 51 Austrian Daniel Koellerer became the first player to be banned for life for trying to improve the match. The offense took place between October 2009 and July 2010 after The Tennis Integrity Units launched an investigation on behalf of the International Tennis Federation and an ATP and WTA tour. In 2004 and 2006, Koellerer was banned for six months due to his bad behavior. In addition, in August 2010, he facilitated bets by placing opportunities for matches and having links to place bets.
See also
Source
- Davies, Richard (2001). Lines Bars Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press ISBN 0-8142-0880-0
- Finley, Peter (2008). Sports Scandal Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press ISBN: 978-0-313-34458-9
- Boyd, Kier (1981). Gambling Technology Washington, DC: FBI Laboratory
- Rose, Pete (2004). My Prison Without Bars Martin Press ISBNÃ, 1-57954-927-6
- Thompson, William (2001). Gambling in America - The Encyclopedia of History, Problems and Society Santa Barbara, CA: ISBN ABC-CLIO 1-57607-159-6
Note
External links
Media related to Sports betting on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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