Relocation of professional sports teams

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Relocation of professional sports teams is a practice involving sports clubs moving from one metropolitan area to another, but sometimes, inter-city shifts in the same conurbation are included. In North America, the league franchise system is used, and since teams are generally privately owned and operate according to the wishes of their owners, the practice is much more common there than in other parts of the world, where sports teams are often identified with specific locations. Moving away from teams is more common among less established teams with small or no fan bases. Reasons for relocation are generally motivated by financial problems, problems with inadequate facilities, lack of support or owner's desires (s). In many cases, this is a combination of some or all of these problems.

Video Relocation of professional sports teams

North American franchise relocation

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Unlike most professional sports systems around the world, sports organizations in North America generally do not operate promotional and relegation systems where poorly performing teams are replaced with teams that work well in lower leagues. North America does not have a comprehensive governing body whose authority extends from amateur to sports-specific levels. Unlike in other countries, where people can invest in local lower-level clubs and through the performance see that the club goes up to major league status, only three ways a city in North America can host the premier league sports team through league expansion, join a rival league, or most often, buy an existing league franchise and move it.

A city that wants to get a team in major professional sports leagues can wait for the league to expand and reward the new franchise. However, by 2018, each major league has between 30 and 32 franchises. Many current owners believe this is the optimal size for the major league and regardless of the National Hockey League (NHL) expansion possibilities to 32 teams (with Vegas Golden Knights who have been 31 league teams in 2017), none of the major leagues are believed to be considering the expansion is about to happen. In fact, Major League Baseball (MLB) was actually deemed to be contracting the Montreal Expos and Minnesota Twins in 2002, which would have an effect on the 2007 season, but the baseball guild sued MLB to prevent the team's dismissal. In the end, nothing happens to the Twins, who have problems leading to their possible contractions, the new stadium, completed with the opening of Target Field in 2010, and Expos moving to Washington, D.C. to become a Washington Citizen in 2005.

In the past decade, prospective owners whose bids have been denied by established leagues will respond by forming rival leagues in the hope that the existing big leagues will eventually approve the merger; the new league will achieve major league status in its own right; and/or an established league has to be expanded. The Football Football League (AFL) 1960s is perhaps the latest example of a successful rival league, having reached each of the three goals listed above in reverse order. However, all major sports have had rival leagues reaching at least some of these goals in the last half of the 20th century. The proposed league Baseball did not play the game but only because Major League Baseball responded to the proposal by adding teams in some of the proposed new league cities. The American Basketball Association (ABA) and the World Hockey Association (WHA) each managed to get some of their franchises accepted in established leagues, which both failed to try to cause their new rivals to fold out directly by adding more teams.

However, beginner leagues have had most of their success due to the reluctance of owners in established leagues to devote most of their earnings to player salaries and also to the former sports leagues' confidence especially at the gate receipts for earnings. In such circumstances, ambitious rivals are often able to lure top sports players with better payment promises, in the hope of giving a direct respect and credibility to the new league of the fans. However, today, established leagues earn most of their income from profitable television contracts that will not be offered to unexamined rivals. Also, union activism has resulted in established leagues paying most of their earnings to the players, so the average salary in each of the four major leagues is now also over $ 1 million per season.

Under current financial and market conditions, any serious effort to form a rival league early in the 21st century will likely require hundreds of millions (if not billions) of dollars in investments and early losses, and even if those resources are available new leagues Success will far from the guarantees, as evidenced by the failure of the WWF/NBC-backed XFL in 2001 and the UFL from 2009 to 2012. The current league has established a lucrative relationship with all major media in the United States, which subsidizes league operations because of their established fame ensure a strong ranking; the networks are much less willing to provide such coverage to an unproven newbie league, often requiring a newly established league to pay for the network for the leagues to be covered. It's no use since the 1990s having one of the established leagues even adding expansion teams while rivals operate (or the formation of rival leagues being seriously considered). Therefore, as long as the league chooses not to expand and/or reject the city app, the only realistic way is to convince the owner (s) of the existing team to move it (or convince the prospective owner to buy the team with the intention of moving it).

Owners typically relocate teams due to weak fan support or because team organization is in debt and requires an adequate population for financial support or because other cities offer larger or financially more profitable local markets/arena arenas. The government can offer a lucrative offer to team owners to attract or retain the team. For example, to attract the Cleveland Browns from the NFL in 1995, the state of Maryland agreed to build a new stadium in Baltimore and allow the team to use it for free and store all parking revenues, advertising, and concessions. (This move proved unpopular in Cleveland that the move was treated as a Baltimore Ravens awarded expansion franchise, and Brown's name and their official line will remain in Cleveland for the "reactivated" team that rejoined the NFL three years later.) from a decade earlier, the Baltimore Colts departed for Indianapolis (the NFL owner chose to give the owner Colts permission Robert Irsay to move the franchise to his chosen city after no satisfactory stadiums will be built).

Sport team relocation is often controversial. Opponents criticize the owners for leaving loyal fans and governments to spend millions of dollars in tax money to attract teams. However, since sports teams in the United States are generally treated like any other business under antitrust laws, there are sports leagues that can be done to prevent teams from flocking to the highest bidder (eg, Los Angeles Rams filed a lawsuit when another NFL owner was initially blocked they moved to St. Louis, which caused the NFL to retreat and allow the relocation to continue). Major League Baseball, unique among major professional sports leagues, has the exception of antitrust laws won by the Supreme Court decision but has still allowed some teams to change the city. Also recently, the court rejected a team relocation effort that came to be known as the Phoenix Coyotes in favor of the NHL, which claims it has the ultimate authority over franchising.

The new sports leagues tend to have more temporary franchises than the more established "main" leagues, but in the mid-1990s, some NFL and NHL teams moved to other cities, and the threat of movement pushed cities with major league teams in sports to build new stadiums and arenas using taxpayer money. This trend continued in the 2000s, when three National Basketball Association (NBA) teams moved within a span of seven years after no relocation at all in the 16 years prior to that. Critics refer to the team's move to the city with the highest bid as "free agent franchise."

List of relocations

The history of the NFL fully combines from the fourth American Football League, which began operating in 1960 with eight teams and became the most successful opponent for the NFL. In 1966, two leagues approved a full-fledged merger in 1970. All teams from AFL 1960-1969 were brought intact to the NFL, and the NFL currently recognizes all AFL records and statistics as their own.

• 1921 : Decatur Staleys moved to Chicago and became Bear one year later.
• 1934 : Portsmouth Spartans moved to Detroit and became the Lions.
• 1937 : Boston Redskins moves to Washington, D.C. as Washington Redskins
• 1946 : Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles.
• 1960 : Chicago Cardinals move to St. Louis.
• 1961 : The sender of the Los Angeles AFL moved to San Diego after spending only his first season in Los Angeles.
• 1963 : AFL Dallas Texans (not to be confused with a short-lived NFL franchise of the same name) moved to Kansas City, Missouri and became Kansas City Chief.
• 1982 : Oakland Raiders moved to Los Angeles. The NFL refused permission to move, but the team won the right to move (as well as the right to remain as a franchise in the conference (AFC), and, in the league) through a court case.
• 1984 : Colts Baltimore moved to Indianapolis and became Indianapolis Colts. The team's offices slipped out of Baltimore in the middle of the night to avoid confiscation of domains filed by the state of Maryland.
• 1988 : St. Louis Cardinals moved to the Phoenix area, played games near Tempe and became the Phoenix Cardinals. The team changed its name to Arizona Cardinals in 1994. The team is now playing in another Phoenix suburb, Glendale.
• 1995 : Los Angeles Raiders moved back to Oakland after 13 previous seasons.
• 1995 : Los Angeles Rams move to St. Louis.
• 1996 : Cleveland Browns player and coaching staff moved to Baltimore and became a Ravens family. The move is one of the most controversial in the history of major professional sports. In response to the fan rebellion and legal threat, the NFL awarded a new franchise to Cleveland in 1999, which for historical purposes is considered a continuation of the original Browns franchise.
• 1997 : Houston Oilers moved to Memphis and became Tennessee Oilers. The team was originally planned to play 1997 and 1998 at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis before moving to their destination of Nashville. However, due to a poor presence, the team moved to Nashville in 1998, playing at the Vanderbilt University stadium. The team changed its name to the Titans in 1999, when their new stadium opened. The NFL gave Houston a new expansion franchise in 2002.
• 2016 : St. Louis Rams moved back to Los Angeles after 21 seasons at St. Louis. Louis. The team is scheduled to move to the new stadium in nearby Inglewood in 2020.
• 2017 : The San Diego Chargers return home to their Los Angeles home after 56 seasons in San Diego. The team plays on the outskirts of Carson before joining the Rams at their new stadium in 2020.
• 2019-20 : Oakland Raiders is approved to move to the Las Vegas area. The team will play in Oakland for 2018 and possibly 2019 NFL seasons before relocation.

National Hockey League

Relocation within the NHL is unique because most teams have changed their name after moving, instead of maintaining their identity with the old market. Only one relocated NHL team - both in the Six Native era and in the modern era - retains their name: Calgary Fire.

The league, beginning in 2009, saw the first major relocation before the 2011 season. The former Washington Freedom, formerly playing in the Washington suburbs of Washington, D.C., was bought by Dan Borislow, founder of the VoIP magic company, and moved to Boca Raton, Florida. The team plays as magicJack in the 2011 season, which is characterized by an almost constant conflict between the league and Borislow. WPS terminated the franchise after that season. The impact of the ensuing legal battle between WPS and Borislow, combined with major financial losses, caused the league to disband in 2012.

National Women's Soccer League

The NWSL, launched in 2013 as the WPS's effective successor, plays its first four seasons without major relocation (during this time, some teams move to different stadiums in their existing markets). The first major relocation took place before the fifth season of the league.

• 2017 : Western New York Flash moved from Rochester, New York to the Triangle Research North Carolina area to become North Carolina Courage.

In the case of Flash, the move was largely a paper relocation involving only the NWSL franchise and not the team itself; Flash continued to operate on United Women's Soccer, although the surviving team was transferred to Buffalo.

Another paper relocation took place after the 2017 league season. FC Kansas City, based in the city of Missouri, folded at the end of the season, and was soon replaced by a new team owned by MLS Real Salt Lake, soon to be introduced as Utah Royals FC. While the Royals are officially treated as separate entities from FC Kansas City, they acquired all contracts of FC Kansas City players at that time immediately after their establishment.

Canadian Football League

The Baltimore Stallions moved to Montreal in 1996 to become Montreal Alouettes despite high and successful presence in the field (reaching the Gray Cup championship match in both seasons and winning it once). When the Cleveland Browns announced that they were going to move to Baltimore, Stallions admitted they could not compete with it and moved to Montreal where it assumed the name of Montreal Alouettes was not used along with its records, history, and traditions. Although cosmetics are not substantive, the CFL officially regards the modern Alouettes as a continuation of Alouettes's previous team in an attempt to distance themselves from the expansion experiments of America where the Stallions are members and to keep the Alouettes legacy seen collectively. Alouettes does not currently consider the legacy of the Stallions, including the Gray Cup triumph, as part of the current team's legacy, though both teams have never played simultaneously. The only other team relocated in CFL history is Sacramento Gold Miners, another American team, who moved to San Antonio Texans in 1995. Incidentally, Stallions' move ultimately led to the collapse of all US expansion. Ottawa Rough Riders staff moved from Ottawa to Shreveport, Louisiana to become Shreveport Pirates in 1993, but the CFL forced the team itself to be abandoned in Ottawa, where the new owner maintained the franchise alive. The Ottawa franchise itself ceased operations in 1996, but rejoined the league in 2003 as the Ottawa Renegades. The Renegades will in turn cease operations in 2006. By 2014, Ottawa rejoins the CFL as Ottawa Redblacks.

On several occasions, the league sought to relocate the remnants of the Las Vegas Posse, which played a season in 1994. Prior to the 1995 season, some ownership groups failed to try to buy a team for relocation to Jackson, Mississippi. After that, plans were made to move the team to Miami, Florida as Manate, but the plan failed when the league chose to end the US expansion before the scheduled launch of Manatees in 1996.

Beyond the expansion of America, the CFL never moved any of Canada's core franchises from one market to another.

Canadian National Basketball League

The NBL, which was established in 2011, has had three relocated teams in its history. One team was moved in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the other was finally folded, so the two were not listed here. The third team is:

• Prior to the 2013-14 season, the Summerside Storm moved inside Prince Edward Island to the provincial capital of Charlottetown, renaming themselves the Hurricane Island.

Maps Relocation of professional sports teams

Team relocation in Australia and New Zealand

The two premier professional sports leagues in Australia are the Australian Football League (AFL) and the National Rugby League (NRL). Both competitions were originally based in one city (Melbourne and Sydney respectively) and expanded to the national level, and through that process, there has been a team relocation, merger and closure in both leagues. The clubs are owned by members, not personally, but North American franchise models exist, which means getting into a restricted league. The hybrid model means the leading relocation promoter is the league itself, trying to grow the football code by encouraging poorly performing clubs to move to the interstate.

AFL

Several Melbourne-based clubs began selling interstate home games in the late 1990s and conducted community camp clinics to build local support bases.

• Western Bulldogs - Darwin, Northern Territory since 2000 (about 1-2 games a year). In 2007, the Bulldogs reduced their commitment to 1 game and signed an agreement to also play 1 game per year in Canberra.
• St Kilda Football Club - Launceston, Tasmania (about 2 matches per year between 2002-2006).
• Hawthorn Football Club - Launceston, Tasmania (about 2 matches per year between 2002-2006). In 2006, changed their naming rights to Tassie Hawks and increased the number of games to 4 per year
• North Melbourne Football Club - in 1999, backed by AFL, the club changed their trade name to Kangaroos, and played some home interstate games in Sydney. The move proved unsuccessful, and the club has been playing in Canberra for several years (2002-2006) before leaving the area to gain a more profitable and potential gold mine in Gold Coast, Queensland (2007-2008). However, the club pulled out of the 'home' game relocation altogether after refusing the full league relocation offer to the Gold Coast.
• Melbourne Football Club - a one-year home game to the Brisbane Lions at the Brisbane Cricket Ground in Queensland (2005-2007). The Demons added one game to Gold Coast, Queensland in Queensland in 2006. In 2007, the Demons transferred the Gold Coast commitment to Canberra for one game each year while also playing one game per year in Brisbane.

A-League

New Zealand Knights FC, who played in Auckland, New Zealand, disbanded and moved to Wellington in 2004, becoming Wellington Phoenix FC. During the final phase of the 2006-07 A-League season, the Football Federation of Australia (FFA) revoked New Zealand A-League Knight's license due to financial problems and club administration and poor field performance. After many delays, the final amount required for the application comes from property owner Wellington Terry Serepisos in the final stages of the offer. Serepisos, the owner and chairman of the club's majority, provided NZD $ 1,000,000 to ensure the start of New Zealand's new franchise and the continuation of New Zealand's participation in the A-League. The FFA completed a three-year A-League license to New Zealand Football which subsequently sub-licensed the club to be based in Wellington. The new Wellington club was confirmed on March 19, 2007. The name for the new club is taken from a short list of six, trimmed out of 250 names suggested by the public, and announced on March 28, 2007. Serepisos says of the name, that "This symbolizes a new beginning, from the ashes, and extraordinary Wellington support that has come out ".

NRL

NRL is a national competition in the rugby league and was born from the Australian Rugby League and Sydney-based New South Wales Rugby League competition. In 1987, the West Suburbs Magpies agreed to move from the Western suburbs in the West to the southwestern Macarthur region abroad having previously moved west to the Lidcombe Oval. In 1999, they joined the remaining Inner Western team, The Balmain Tigers, (both teams had been formed in 1908) to become Wests Tigers. The North Sydney Bears sought to move from their Northern Suburbs base to the burgeoning Central Coast area north of Sydney in 1999, but problems with construction on the proposed home soil now known as Bluetongue Central Coast Stadium meant that the Bears continued to play at home matches at various Sydney bases before being forced into a merger with the Manly Sea Eagles as the North Eagles. The clubs joined playing the home game on the Central Coast and Manly's house at Brookvale Oval, but after the bears were expelled from the partnership, the poor in the former location led to the return of Manly's name and the game played exclusively at Brookvale. Oval. Furthermore, one of the owners of the Central Coast Bluetongue Stadium, John Singleton, has been trying to lure other clubs to play there, especially South Sydney Rabbitohs who have experienced the poor crowd in their new home at ANZ Stadium.

The Canterbury Bulldogs was formed in 1935 and played their first season without home. In 1936, they settled in Belmore Oval (renamed Belmore Sports Ground) and played home matches there until the end of the 1998 season. The Bulldogs tested a number of alternative home grounds during the 1990s, including Concord Oval in 1994. In the year 1995, they changed their name to Sydney Bulldogs playing most of the Premiership triumphs at Parramatta Stadium, sharing the ground with rivals, Parramatta Belut and also renamed and relocated Sydney (Balmain) Tigers. They eventually settled at the Australian Stadium, the main stadium for the 2000 Sydney Olympics as their land, and in 2008, relocated their training and administrative facilities from Belmore to the Homebush Olympic Park Site, though since then re-embraced the Belmore region by returning to the name Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and playing some of their home games at the new Belmore Sports Ground.

Other clubs have moved into the yard of new homes but have retained their original bases.

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Team relocation in Europe

In Europe, the movement is very rare because of the difference in relationships between clubs and their leagues in the European professional sports league organization system. In most sports, teams can be relegated from the current league to the lower one or promoted up into the league above. This exercise is considered anathema.

Armenia

• Baneran FC was founded in 1992 in Kotayk village, representing Kotayk Province. Between 1992 and 1995, the club was often referred to as Banants Kotayk. During the 1992 season, the club won the first Armenian Cup. At the end of the 1995 transition season, Banants suffered a financial crisis. The club owner decided that it was better to combine the club with FC Kotayk from Abovyan, rather than disperse it. In 2001, Banant was demoted from FC Kotayk, and moved from Abovyan to the capital Yerevan.

Austria

• ASKÃÆ'â € "Pasching in 2007 moved from Pasching to Klagenfurt and became SK Austria KÃÆ'¤rnten, effectively a new club to play in the Austrian Football Bundesliga. In Pasching, FC Pasching was established shortly after the move, while SK Austria in Klagenfurt took over the names of former rivals FC KÃÆ'¤rnten as well as several famous players and sponsorships. In June 2010, SK Austria announced it was filing for bankruptcy and the city of Klagenfurt founded a new club, SK Austria Klagenfurt (historic name FC KÃÆ'¤rnten).

Azerbaijan

• The Baku Olympics was founded on the basis of a futsal team in 2004. In 2009, the club moved from central Baku to "ÃÆ'¼v? lan and was named Olimpik-Shuvalan PFC.The club was once again renamed in 2010, this time it became AZAL PFC for the reason of the sponsor of the airline Azerbaijan Airlines.In September 2010, the club management announced the construction of a new AZAL Arena in? ÃÆ'¼v? Lan.
• Qaraba? FK is a football club from Agdam, but has been based in Baku since 1993 because of the Nagorno-Karabakh war.
• Shusha FK is a football club based in Baku but represents the city of Shusha, controlled by the self-declared Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
• Standard Sumgayit was established in Baku as Raw Baku. The club moved to Sumgayit on 12 June 2009, which also changed the name of the club.

Belgium

• Football Couillet La LouviÃÆ'¨re was formed in June 2009 as a result of a merger between R.A.C.S. Couillet and R.A.A. Louvià © roise. The club matrix is ​​number 94 from RACS Couillet, so technically this is a continuation of Couillet, while La LouviÃÆ'¨re has dissolved into Couillet, with their matricule (number 93) missing. At the time of the merger, La LouviÃÆ'¨re played in the third tier of Belgian football and Couillet in the fourth round, as a result, the new team started at the fourth level. After the merger, the team was based in La LouviÃÆ'¨re and renamed the Football Club Couillet-La LouviÃÆ'¨re with the acronym FCLL. However, the team returned to Couillet in Charleroi in 2011 after the third division team of URS Center moved to the center of La LouviÃÆ'¨re and changed its name to UR La LouviÃÆ'¨re Center. As a result, the team name was changed again to the Football Club of Charleroi.
• RFC LiÃÆ'¨ge, after his home stadium, Stade VÃÆ'Â © lodrome de Rocourt in LiÃÆ'¨ge was destroyed, the club became "homeless". After playing for 4 years on rue Gilles MagnÃÆ' © e, at Ans where standing while built, RFC LiÃÆ'¨ge is currently playing at Seraing at Pairay Stadium.

Cyprus

At least three clubs were forced to move because of the Turkish invasion of 1974 in the country:

• Two clubs from Famagusta, Anorthosis (founded in 1911) and Nea Salamis (founded 1948), moved to Larnaca, and built a new stadium in the city.
• Doxa Katokopia, founded in Katokopia in 1954, moved to Peristerona. The club then moved back to the capital of Nicosia.

Czech Republic

• Dukla Prague, a successful football team under the protection of the Czech Armed Forces, originally from Prague, joined the second division club FC PortÃÆ'¡l P? Ãbrbram in 1996. The new club, which came to be known as 1. FK P? â € <â € <Ãbrbram, playing a season in Prague at Juliska Stadium before moving to P? Ãbrbram in 1997, the last home game at Juliska became a 2-2 draw with BanÃÆ'k HavÃÆ'? Ov was degraded on June 1, 1997, which effectively means that FC P? The original Ãbrbram which was founded in 1929 was transferred to Prague, merged and then relocated. The club is currently playing under the name Dukla Prague, and the current spiritual successor of the original team, FK Dukla Prague, was founded in 1958 as FK Dukla Dejvice and advanced to the Prague Championships in the 1983-84 season. Prior to 2001, the best settlement of the club in a season was the second in the Prague Championships in the 1984-85 season. In 2001, the club was known as FK Dukla Prague, but not the legitimate successor of the original Dukla Prague team. In November 2006, the new management of FK Dukla Prague announced that it had approved the second league rights takedown of the Jakub team and in 2007 Dukla took Jakub's place? Ovice in Republic 2. League, after finishing the 2006-07 season in second place.
• In ice hockey, the Continental League of Hockey, which is based in Russia but also includes teams from several other post-Soviet countries, flourished outside the former Soviet Union for the first time in 2011, adding Slovakia's Lev Poprad team. The team was bought by Czech interests after the 2011-12 season; the new owner folded the club and replaced it with the same team name, Prague Prague-based Prague Prague. Although both Lev teams are technically separate entities, this situation can be seen as an effective relocation; not just the name of a similar team, but the new owner retains many of Poprad's lists.
• Mountfield HK comes from a club that started playing ice hockey on? eskÃÆ' Â © Bud? jovice in 1928. After the 2012-13 season, Czech Extraliga reached a sponsorship deal with Radegast to sell his beer in all Extraliga arenas. This Agreement is contrary to the HC naming rights agreement? EskÃÆ' Â © Bud? Jovice already with Budweiser Budvar Brewery for their arena. Under the agreement, clubs and cities will face stiff penalties for selling any beer other than the Budvar product. Unable to resolve the dispute, the club decided on June 18, 2013 that no agreement could be reached between the parties involved and chose to immediately move to Hradec KrÃÆ'¡lovÃÆ'Â © for the 2013-14 season. HC ice hockey tradition? EskÃÆ' Â © Bud? Jovice continued in the city by a club that adopted the name of historic club "Motor" -? EZ Motor? EskÃÆ' Â © Bud? Jovice

Estonian

• JK Tervis PÃÆ'¤rnu moved in 1996 and played his home game at Lelle, a small district in Kehtna Parish, became Lelle SK. At the end of 2002 the club moved back to PÃÆ'¤rnu and restored its original name.
• KSK Vigri Tallinn moved from Tallinn to Maardu, to Maardu FK.
• Lantana Tallinn moved in 1996 from Kadriorg Stadium in Tallinn to Staitar Viimsi in Viimsi.
• Levadia Maardu was founded in 1998 in Maardu. In 2004, they moved to Tallinn, and renamed the Levadia Tallinn. The original Levadia Tallinn established in 2000 later became the reserve team of the relocated club, Levadia II Tallinn.

French

In 1967, the top-tier but deep-debt Toulouse FC, located in Toulouse, joined the Paris Red Star suburb, then the tier-2 club, actually moved the entire club, including players and staff, 700 kilometers (430Ã, mi) north. This created a major scandal, leading to changes to the law, in particular the Avice 1984 law, which prevented fusion or relocation out-for all sports

• AthlÃÆ' Â © tic Club Arles was founded in 1913 in Arles, moved in 2010 to nearby (45 kilometers (28Ã, mi)) Avignon and adopted its current name, AthlÃÆ' Â © tic Club Arles-Avignon
• Evian Thonon Gaillard F.C. is rumored to be pursuing a move to play his home game at Stade de la Praille in Geneva, Switzerland after it was determined that the club's current facilities, Stade Joseph-Moynat, do not meet Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) standards. Thonon-les-Bains, the commune where the club put itself, a few kilometers from the Swiss border and only 34.6 kilometers (21.5 mi), was a 45-minute drive from Geneva. It was reported that club president Patrick Trotignon has been in the process of advocating for a move since the start of the 2009-10 National Championnat season just in case the club has reached promotion to the second division. Swiss vice-president Servette FC, who occupies the stadium, questioned the move citing possible scheduling conflicts, as well as field health if both clubs use the stadium every week. However, his claim was denied by BenoÃÆ'®t Genecand, who served as president of the Fondation du Stade de GenÃÆ'¨ve (FSG), which owns and operates the facility. The club responded immediately to Genecand's comments via a press release posted on the club's official website. Evian petitioned the Geneva State Council and obtained approval from LFP for the transfer in early May. On May 20, 2010, Evian received a favorable decision from the French Football Federation (FFF) with a Federal Council vote that supported the move. According to the federation, the move should now be approved by the UEFA executive committee, consisting of seventeen officials. On 8 June, UEFA formally denied Evian's request to play at the Stade de la Praille which means the club will play its home game at Parc des Sports near Annecy.

Georgia

Due to the Abkhaz-Georgia conflict some clubs from the region can not compete in the Georgian league and therefore some clubs have been re-established by internally displaced people from Abkhazia in Tbilisi, and although the original club continues to be in exile, and nothing is real. Relocation has taken place, the Abkhaz people who have established this club consider the club to be a continuation of the original club:

• Dinamo Sokhumi continues to exist but two phoenix clubs have been found. FC ASMC Sokhumi was first established as Dinamo Sokhumi and continues to represent the city in Tbilisi. FC Tskhumi Sukhumi was formed to represent Sokhumi originally in 1990, because FC Dinamo Sokhumi refused to join the Umaglesi League and play in the First Soviet League, when most of the Georgian clubs withdrew from the Soviet League system and joined the SSR Georgia league, as the League Umaglesi first. After bankruptcy in 1993, the club was re-established in 1999.
• FC Gagra was founded in 2004 as a continuation of the city of Gagra disturbed by the tradition of football war, although the active amateur side in Gagra with the same name remained in the local Abkhaz league. Initially there was an attempt to relocate the Abkhaz team to Tskhaltubo, the division of land with Samgurali Tskhaltubo due to the number of people who moved internally in the city but this plan failed due to lack of finances and facilities.

Due to the Georgia-Ossetian conflict, several teams have evacuated:

• Spartaki Tskhinvali is from the capital of South Ossetia Tskhinvali currently plays their league match at Gori or Tbilisi.

German

While the relocation of football clubs so far is unusual in West German football, it is a rather common practice in communist East Germany. As the team relies on the regime, it intervenes several times to promote the distribution of teams that are evenly distributed across the country. A number of prominent East German teams are influenced by this political movement, and even in modern Germany, the reason for the regional domination of several teams and the roots of many strong rivalries can be found there.

Great relocation in DDR-Oberliga:

• In 1954, the entire Lauter Empora team, a club from a small industrial town in southern Saxony, was moved to the northernmost part of the country to compete as Rostock's Empor. In the name of Hansa Rostock, they are the most successful East German team since 1990.
• Also in 1954, Dynamo Dresden lost all its players to the new side of Dynamo Berlin. Dresden passed nearly a decade in the lower leagues, returning to top level football in 1962 and becoming one of the fiercest rivals by Dynamo Berlin's record champ.
• VorwÃÆ'¤rts Frankfurt (Oder) is the only major team relocated twice. Founded as VorwÃÆ'¤rts Leipzig in 1951, the team moved to East Berlin in 1953, where they won six East German championships. They became VorwÃÆ'¤rts Frankfurt in 1971 and renamed FFC Viktoria in 1991.

More recently, team relocation has become a more common feature in less popular sports among German society. Notable examples include former ice hockey team MÃÆ'¼nchen Barons (becoming Hamburg Freezers in 2002), former handball side VfL Bad Schwartau (became HSV Handball in 2002) and Bayer Giants Leverkusen basketball club (DÃÆ'¼sseldorf Giants since 2008).

Greek

• Apollon Smyrni and Panionios were founded in 1891 and 1890 respectively in Smyrna (now Izmir) but moved to Athens in 1922 after the Greco-Turkish War in 1921 and the expulsion of the Greeks from Turkey. In 1938 Panionios moved from Athens to the outskirts of New Smyrna.

Italy

Italian football legislation currently allows the relocation of clubs only among the bordering cities. Some examples of football clubs today are born as relocations that previously included:

• In 2003, after Cosenza Calcio 1914 was not accepted in Serie B, the new ownership bought the sporting rights of the then Serie-D club, Castrovillari, to allow the Cosenza franchise to play football in the upcoming season. But the new club proved short-lived, being declared bankrupt in 2007, but was soon replaced by Fortitudo Cosenza, was born as a relocation of Serie D's neighbor Rende Calcio.
• Neapolis di Serie D, located in Naples, was born as a relocation of Sangiuseppese, a club from the neighboring city of San Giuseppe Vesuviano.
• In 1994, one year after the cancellation of Calcio Catania, chairman of Atletico Leonzio, Franco Proto moved his club, changing his name to Atletico Catania. The club, previously located in Lentini, went on to play for Serie C1 (the league now known as Lega Pro Prima Divisione), losing promotion to Serie B in the playoff twice before being canceled in 2001 due to financial difficulties also linked with Calcio Catania back to football professional and consequent decline are present.
• A.C.D. CittÃÆ' di Vittoria, was born in 2007 as a merger of Comiso Serie D with minor league club Junior Vittoria (probably a trick to allow the club to move legally from Comiso to Vittoria).
• U.S. Pol. Libertas Acate of Seri D is a club officially settled in Acate, who however play their home game in Modica and is recognized by fans and regional press as the Modica club, often referred to as Libertas Acate-Modica. In fact, after a takeover bid in 2006, the club left Acate to play their home match at Modica despite the fact they were not eligible to change the city of origin "legal".
• S.S. Racing Club Roma was founded in the summer of 2013, after which Real T.B.M. Zagarolo moved his chair and sporting title Eccellenza to the town of Frascati, becoming an A.S.D. Forget Castelli Romani.
• Forget Frascati in the 2013-14 season the club moved to the Axa district of Rome changed its name to U.S. Forget Rome , and play the home game at the nearest Stadio Pietro Desideri from Fiumicino. The following season was promoted to Lega Pro as Group G winner, changing his name again to Forgotten Roma F.C. as a sign of returning to the professional ranks after a 34-season absence. The team also had to move home in Aprilia because the Fiumicino field was unfit for professional league matches, and the lack of venues available in Rome. In the 2016-17 season the club moved to Stadio Olindo Galli from Tivoli. The club's official address also moved to the same municipality of Greater Rome.

In basketball, before the 2010-11 season, the Triboldi are legally domiciled in Soresina, but play their home game in nearby Cremona, a community in the same province. The club has now changed its domicile to Cremona. Nuova Sebastiani Basket moved from Rieti, a town in the Lazio region near Rome, to the southern city of Naples effectively with the 2009-10 season.

ireland

Irish clubs that moved from their home district were a bit more common. In certain cases, the club has moved in a conurbation.

• Shamrock Rovers Played at Glenmalure Park in Southside of Dublin from 1926 to 1987. Club owner Louis Kilcoyne announced he sold Glenmalure Park, which they recently bought from the Jesuits. The team played throughout the 1987-88 season at the almost empty Tolka Park in Northside Dublin as a result of a boycott called by Shamrock Rovers Supporters Club and KRAM (Keep Rovers At Milltown), which was observed by most Hoops. fan. After the completion of the boycott season at Tolka, Kilcoynes sold the football club to Dublin businessman John McNamara, who submitted a controversial proposal to move alongside Rivals Bohemians at Dalymount Park. KRAM gathered to vote on whether to withdraw a boycott and a proposal to move to Dalymount. Both movements were missed and the club spent the next two seasons at the Phibsboro venue, with an unrecognizable side playing in front of a small audience. Rovers spent two seasons at Dalymount Park before moving to RDS Arena in Ballsbridge, just two miles away from Glenmalure Park. In 1996, the club's new owner, Alan McGrath announced plans to build a permanent state-of-the-art permanent stadium in Dublin's southwest suburb Tallaght for Rovers. The club also played home games at Morton Stadium, Richmond Park and again at Tolka Park before moving to their new home in Tallaght in 2009.
• Shelbourne is from Ringsend in the South of Dublin. The club played at the Harold's Cross Stadium at Harold's Cross briefly in 1970 before moving to the stadium in 1982 where they remained until 1989 when they moved to Tolka Park, in North Dublin.

Israel

• Hapoel Ra'anana A.F.C. in the 2008-09 season promoted to the Israeli Premier League for the first time in their history. However, they must play their home game at the Levita Hapoel Kfar Saba Stadium, because his home ground, the Karnei Oren Memorial Square, does not meet the Premier League requirements. In January 2010, the city council issued plans for a new stadium with a capacity of 7,500 in Lev HaPark neighborhood. In 2012-13, Ra'anana becomes runner-up and promoted again to the Israeli Premier League and starts playing at Netanya Stadium in Netanya.

Kazakhstan

• Founded in 1958, Torpedo Kokshetau, in 1997 renamed Avtomobilist Shortandy and moved to Shortandy, a suburb of Astana. In 1998, he changed his name to Khimik Stepnogorsk and moved to Stepnogorsk. After renaming again in 1999 to FK Akmola, the club returned to the Torpedo Stadium in Kokshetau a year later. The club has been competing as FC Okzhetpes since 2004.

Latvian

• FK Järmala, founded in 2003, moved from Järmala to Riga in March 2012 and renamed himself after the historic Riga club, to FK Daugava.
• RAF Jelgava in the early 1990s RAF is one of the strongest teams in Virsl? ga. However, when the factory suffered financial difficulties, the team received a new sponsor from the University of Latvia in 1996 and, as a result, changed their name and moved to Riga, and played at the University of Latvia Stadium. The move was a sporting disaster and the club was folded. A team with the name RAF Jelgava appeared again in 2001 at 1. l? Ga, and after the 2003 season the club joined another Jelgava club, FK Viola Jelgava formed FK Jelgava.

Lithuania

• FK Kareda? iauliai is a team from Kaunas city, founded in 1935, who moved from? he went to Kaunas in 2000 to become FK Kareda Kaunas. The club was dissolved in 2003.
• Klose Calls? da was founded in 1926 and is the most successful pre-World War II club in Lithuania. Until the spring of 1939 the club

  Source of the article : Wikipedia